section 4 - acids & bases Flashcards
(18 cards)
what do soluble, non-metal oxides form?
soluble non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form acidic solutions.
what do soluble metal oxides form?
soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.
what happens to non metal oxides when they dissolve?
when non-metal oxides dissolve, the pH of the solution decreases because the concentration of H+ increased.
what happens to metal oxides when they dissolve?
when metal oxides dissolve, the pH of the solution increases because the concentration of OH- decreased.
explain acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions, including ion concentration and pH.
-acidic solutions have a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions and have a pH below 7
-alkaline solutions have a higher concentration of OH- ions than H+ ions and have a pH above 7
-neutral solutions have an equal concentration of OH- ions and H+ ions and have a pH of 7
how does dilution impact acidic/alkaline solutions?
-dilution of an acidic solution with water will decrease the concentration of H+ ions and the pH will move towards 7
-dilution of an alkali solution will decrease the concentration of OH- ions and the pH will move towards 7
what is a standard solution?
a standard solution is a solution of accurately known concentration.
give the 4 neutralisation word equations:
acid+metal hydroxide = salt+water
metal carbonate+acid = salt+water+carbon dioxide
metal oxide+acid = salt+water
reactive metal+acid = salt+hydrogen (H2)
what is the burettes purpose in a titration?
a burette delivers measured volumes of liquid accurately
what is the purpose of a burette and a pipette in a titration?
a burette delivers measured volumes of liquid accurately.
a pipette accurately measures a single, fixed volume of liquid.
what is a precipitation reaction?
a precipitation reaction is one in which two solutions react to form an insoluble product called a precipitate.
explain what happens during a precipitation reaction?
during a precipitation reaction, some ions remain in the solution and some react to form a precipitate.
how can a dry salt sample of precipitate be collected?
by filtering it/drying it
what is a neutralisation reaction?
a neutralisation reaction is when an acid and an alkali react/neutralise eachother to form a salt and water.
what are spectator ions?
spectator ions are ions that are present in a chemical reaction but do not participate in the reaction itself.
what is pH?
pH is a measure/scale of acidity or alkalinity.
what is an alkali?
an alkali is a base which is soluble in water.
what is an acid?
an acid is a corrosive substance which has a pH below 7.
