Section 4 Diseases of Immune System

Question 1

Components of healthy lifestyle

Answer 1

Eat F and V 
Whole grains
No smoking and alcohol
Healthy weight 
Low BP and blood sugar 
Stay active 
Sleep

Question 2

Hypersensitivity reactions are ______ and damage healthy tissues

Answer 2

Immune - mediated

Question 3

Hypersensitivity reactions are ___ and ___

Answer 3

Chronic and debilitating

Question 4

3 categories of hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 4

1. Autoimmunity
2. Excessive or persistent microbial infections
3. Reactions to harmless environmental stimuli

Question 5

4 Main components of ACID

Answer 5

A = allergies (type I)
C = cytotoxic (type II)
I = immune complex (type III)
D = delayed (type IV)

Question 6

Immune complex composed of

Answer 6

Antigen

Antibody

Question 7

Type I hypersensitivity is ___

Answer 7

Immediate

Question 8

Steps of type I hypersensitivity

Answer 8

1. Helper T cells (TH2)
2. Increased IgE production
3. Re-exposure = mast cell degranulation

Question 9

Histamine causes

Answer 9

Vasodilation

Question 10

___ and __ are also associated with type I hypersensitivity

Answer 10

Bronchoconstriction

Increased mucus secretion

Question 11

Atophy

Answer 11

Genetic predisposition to allergies

Question 12

Itching

Answer 12

Pruritus

Question 13

Hives

Answer 13

Urticaria

Question 14

Type I hypersensitivity late phase reaction

Answer 14

Onset 2-8 hours later

Epithelial damage

Question 15

Type I hypersensitivity immediate response

Answer 15

Onset less or equal to 30 min

Quickly subsides

Vascular and smooth muscle rxns

Question 16

Type I hypersensitivity can range from annoying to

Answer 16

Anaphylaxis

Question 17

____ amplify and prolong the late-phase reaction of type I hypersensitivity

Answer 17

Cytokines

Question 18

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 18

Cytotoxic opsonization

Question 19

Opsonization causes

Answer 19

Inflammation and phagocytosis

Question 20

Type II hypersensitivity mediated by the following antibodies

Answer 20

IgG

IgM

Question 21

IgG can activate ___ in type II, which attracts ___

Answer 21

Complement

Neutrophils

Question 22

Autoimmune disorders are a lack of

Answer 22

Self-tolerance

Question 23

Central tolerance occurs via

Answer 23

Apoptosis

Thymus

Marrow

Question 24

Peripheral tolerance occurs via

Answer 24

Inactivation or apoptosis

Question 25

HLA stands for

Answer 25

Human leukocyte antigens

Question 26

Some HLA alleles increase the risk of

Answer 26

Autoimmunity

Question 27

Autoimmune disorders prefer to attack ___ and ___ tissue

Answer 27

Vessels and connective

Question 28

HLA alleles on chromosome ___ helps form ______ proteins that regulate self-tolerance

Answer 28

6 Antigen-presenting

Question 29

SLE is more common in ___ adults, and this gender

Answer 29

Young Females

Question 30

SLE also referred to as _____ because it can attack any organ

Answer 30

The great imitator

Question 31

Antibodies SLE causes to accumulate

Answer 31

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) IgG

Question 32

HLA B27 is a risk factor for

Answer 32

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 33

Ankylosing spondylitis is ___ and ____ fusing/ inflammation

Answer 33

Spinal joint SI joint

Question 34

Odds ratio of developing AS from HLA B27

Answer 34

100-200

Question 35

Lupus is exceptionally common in

Answer 35

African American females

Question 36

Lupus is mediated by

Answer 36

Cytotoxic Abs (type II) Immune complexes (type III)

Question 37

Vasculitis in lupus can cause

Answer 37

Thickened tunica intima Acute necrotizing vasculitis

Question 38

Red blood cell casts in urine observed in lupus

Answer 38

Cellular casts

Question 39

Photo sensitivity in lupus can cause

Answer 39

Malar rash Discord rash Dermoepidermal injury

Question 40

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (from Lupus)

Answer 40

Inflammation on inside of heart that attacks the mitral valve

Question 41

ANA is ____ sensitive and ____ specific

Answer 41

99% 80%

Question 42

Jaccoud’s Arthropathy in lupus

Answer 42

Non-erosive arthropathy

Question 43

Genetic risk of monozygotic vs dizygotic twins for lupus

Answer 43

Mono- 25% Di- 3%

Question 44

MC of death in lupus

Answer 44

Renal failure

Question 45

Treatment for lupus

Answer 45

Sunscreen NSAIDs Severe- corticosteroids/ immunosuppressive

Question 46

Sjogren syndrome

Answer 46

Autoimmune attack on exocrine glands

Question 47

Sjogren syndrome on lacrimal glands causes

Answer 47

Dry eyes- Inflammation and ulceration

Question 48

Sjogren syndrome on salivary glands causes

Answer 48

Dry mouth, fissuring, ulceration

Question 49

Sjogren syndrome can also damage

Answer 49

Ductal epithelia due to CD4 + T cells

Question 50

80% of people with sjogren syndrome have

Answer 50

+ ANA

Question 51

Lupus increases the odds of ___ lymphoma

Answer 51

B cell

Question 52

Sjogren syndrome most common in females, aged

Answer 52

30-60

Question 53

Wicca Syndrome

Answer 53

Isolated- no other autoimmune disease Just eye and mouth

Question 54

___ of sjogren syndrome is secondary to another autoimmune disease

Answer 54

60%

Question 55

Systemic Sclerosis consists of two things

Answer 55

1. Fibrosis within mult tissues | 2. Destruction of small arteries

Question 56

Systemic sclerosis common in females aged

Answer 56

40-60 (3X)

Question 57

Sclerodactyly (in systemic sclerosis)

Answer 57

Fibrosis of fingers