Section 4 - Psychopathology

Question 1

What is the most obvious way to define abnormality

Answer 1

In terms of statistical infrequency

Question 2

How do we define what is normal

Answer 2

By referring to typical values

Question 3

What is psychopathology

Answer 3

The study of psychological disorders

Question 4

What is deviating from social norms

Answer 4

Behaving differently from the socially created norms

Question 5

What is an example of a social norm

Answer 5

Being polite

Question 6

What is an example of an implicit social rule

Answer 6

not laughing at a funeral

Question 7

What does not functioning adequately cause

Answer 7

Distress and suffering for the individual and others

Question 8

What is an example of a mental disorder that causes distress to other people

Answer 8

Schizophrenia

Question 9

Is it classed as abnormal if it doesn’t cause distress to self and others

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What is a situation where a person isn’t coping with everyday life in a ‘normal’ way

Answer 10

A person may not be content on living in unwashed clothes and not having a regular job

Question 11

What is DSM

Answer 11

A list of mental disorders that’s used to diagnose mental disorders

Question 12

What does WHODAS stand for

Answer 12

World health organisation disability assessment

Question 13

What 7 things does WHODAS consider in the assessment of ability to function

Answer 13

• Understanding and communicating
• Getting around
• Self-care
• getting along with people
• life activities and participation in society

Question 14

What did Marie Jahoda point out in 1958

Answer 14

we define physical illness in part by looking at the absence pf signs of physical health

Question 15

What is physical health indicated by

Answer 15

correct body temp
normal skin colour
normal blood pressure

Question 16

What 6 categories did Marie Jahoda come up with to review mental health

Answer 16

• self attitudes
• Personal growth
• Integration
• Autonomy
• Accurate perception of reality
• Mastery of the environment

Question 17

What is failure to function adequately

Answer 17

Peoples ability to go about their daily life

Question 18

What are people who are defined as unable to go about their daily lives

Answer 18

They’re defined as “failure to function adequately

Question 19

What are the 3 mental disorders

Answer 19

• phobias
• depression
• OCD

Question 20

What are the 3 characteristics of mental disorders

Answer 20

• Emotional characteristics
• Behavioural characteristics
• Cognitive characteristics

Question 21

What is the primary symptom of phobias

Answer 21

Anxiety

Question 22

What is the behavioural characteristic definition

Answer 22

Ways in which people act

Question 23

What is the emotional characteristic definition

Answer 23

ways in which people feel

Question 24

What is a cognitive characteristic definition

Answer 24

Process of thinking knowing, perceiving and believing

Question 25

What are the 3 behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 25

- Activity levels reduce - Disruption of sleeping and eating behaviour - Aggression and self-harm

Question 26

What is an emotional characteristic of depression

Answer 26

- Lowered mood - Anger - Lowered self esteem

Question 27

What is a cognitive characteristic of depression

Answer 27

- Poor concentration - attending to and dwelling on the negative - Absolutist thinking

Question 28

What are the 5 categories of depression (four things)

Answer 28

- Major depressive disorder - Persistnet depressive disorder - Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder - premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 29

What is Major depressive disorder

Answer 29

Severe but often short term depression

Question 30

What is persistent depressive disorder

Answer 30

Long term or recurring depression, including sustained major depression and what used to be called dysthymia

Question 31

What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 31

Childhood temper tantrums

Question 32

What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Answer 32

Disruption to mood prior to and or during menstruation

Question 33

What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD

Answer 33

- Compulsions | - Avoidance

Question 34

What are the 2 types of compulsions

Answer 34

- Repetitive | - To reduce anxiety

Question 35

What are the emotional characteristics of OCD

Answer 35

- Anxiety and distress - Accompanying depression - Guilt and disgust

Question 36

What areas the cognitive characteristics and OCD

Answer 36

- Obsessive thoughts - Cognitive strategies to deal with obsessions - Insight into excessive anxiety

Question 37

What are the 2 parts to the 2 process model

Answer 37

- Acquisition by classical conditioning | - Maintenance by operant conditioning

Question 38

Summarise classical conditioning

Answer 38

- 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together - UCD and a NS - NS eventually produces the same response that was first produced by the unlearned stimulus alone

Question 39

Summarise operant conditioning

Answer 39

The use of positive and negative reinforcement or punishment

Question 40

What is systematic desensitisation

Answer 40

Behavioural therapy designed to gradually reduce phobic anxiety through the principle of classical conditioning

Question 41

What are the 3 process involved in Systematic desensitisation

Answer 41

- The anxiety hierarchy - Relaxation - Exposure

Question 42

What is Flooding

Answer 42

The patient is exposed to extreme form of their phobia

Question 43

What are the 3 reasons of depression in Beck's cognitive theory

Answer 43

- Faulty information processing - Negative self-schemas - The negative triad

Question 44

What is Ellis's ABC model

Answer 44

- Activating event - Beliefs - consequences

Question 45

What is cognitive behavioural therapy most commonly used to treat

Answer 45

Depression

Question 46

What are the 3 genetic explanations to OCD

Answer 46

Candidate genes OCD is polygenic Different types of OCD

Question 47

What are some of the candidate genes involved in

Answer 47

Regulating the development of the serotonin system

Question 48

What does OCD is polygenic mean

Answer 48

There isn't caused by 1 single gene but several ones

Question 49

What 2 neurontransmitters are believed to have a role in regulating mood

Answer 49

- Dopamine | - serotonin

Question 50

What are the neural explanations to OCD

Answer 50

- Role of serotonin | - Decision making system

Question 51

What is a drug therapy used to treat OCD

Answer 51

SSRI

Question 52

What does SSRI stand for

Answer 52

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 53

What does SSRI work on

Answer 53

Serotonin system