Section 6 EMT Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Most virulent disease
A
Hepatitis B
2
Q
Sudden high fever, followed by rash as fever subsides
A
Roseola
3
Q
Appearance
Work of breathing
Circulation to skin
A
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
4
Q
Nuchal rigidity
A
stiff neck
5
Q
Common symptoms of Norovirus
A
Persistent vomiting, diarrhea, and signs of dehydration
(common cause of gastroenteritis)
6
Q
Menorrhagia
A
Heavy or prolonged menstrual period
7
Q
Assists in the filtration of blood
Serves as a blood reserve
Produces antibodies
A
Spleen
8
Q
Kidneys
A
Help to regulate BP by getting rid of sodium and water from the body
9
Q
Can be caused by:
Mallory Weiss tear
Esophageal varices
Esophagitis
A
Upper Intestinal bleeding
10
Q
Characterized by abdominal distention and tenderness
(pain is worse after eating)
A
Pancreatitis
11
Q
Severe kidney failure resulting in the build up of waste products within the blood
A
Uremia
12
Q
Pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of the pain is located
A
Referred pain
13
Q
Membrane lining of the abdominal cavity and covering of the abdominal organs
A
Peritoneum
14
Q
Melena
A
Black stool that contains digested blood
15
Q
Ileus
A
Paralysis of the bowel, stops contractions that move material through the intestine
16
Q
GERD
A
Sphincter between esophagus and stomach opens and stomach acid moves into esophagus
17
Q
Diverciculitis
A
Inflammation in small pockets (at weak areas) in the muscle walls of the intestines
18
Q
Cholecystitis
A
Inflammation of the gallbladder
19
Q
Dysarthia
A
Slurred speech
20
Q
Aphasia
A
Inability to understand and or produce speech
21
Q
Aneurysm
A
Swelling or enlargement of part of an artery
22
Q
Focal Seizures
A
Affects a limited portion of the brain
23
Q
What does a headache, stiff neck and a fever usually indicate
A
Meningitis
24
Q
What is the most significant factor for Hemorrahagic stroke
A
Hypertention
25
What is responsible for muscle control and body coordination
Cerebellum
26
Stroke volume
Volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
27
Lumen
Inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure
28
What is a lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow
Ischemia
29
What is indicative of an upper airway obstruction?
Snoring sounds
30
What is the collapse of the alveolar air space?
Atelectasis
31
What is caused by air passing through fluids?
Crackles/Rales
32
what is the most common form of COPD?
Emphysema
33
What is a genetic disorder that predisposes a patient to repeated lung infections
Cystic Fibrosis
34
What has symptoms of frothy sputum, crackles and wheezing?
Congestive Heart Failure
35
Diptheria
A psuedomembrane forms, lining the pharyngitis, can severely obstruct the passage of air
36
Embolus
Blood clot that travels
37
What is severe dyspnea experienced while lieing down and relieved when sitting up
Orthopnea
38
What shows as severe SOB; especially at night after several hours of reclining
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dsypnea
39
What presents as sharp, stabbing pain worsened by deep breaths or other chest wall movement
Plueral Chest Pain
40
What are course, low pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways
Rhonchi
41
What aims to dilate the coronary artery?
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
42
Occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become separated
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
43
Where is the correct location for defib pads?
1. To the right of the upper Sternum
2. Left, lower chest below armpit
44
What is a Dissecting Anuerysm?
Inner layers of an artery separate, allowing high pressure blood to flow between layers
*Maximal pain from onset
45
Atherosclerosis
Cholesterol and calcium buildup inside the walls of blood vessels
46
What supplies blood to the right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle
Right Coronary Artery
47
What occurs when not enough oxygen is delivered to the issues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart
Cardiogenic Shock
48
What is a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia
*Angina
*MI
Acute Coronary Syndrome
49
Aortic valve
One way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
50
Asystole
Complete absence of all heart electricity activity
51
Poisons
Act by changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them
52
What causes a symptom of dry mucus membranes?
Atropine
53
What type of an overdose causes seizures and cardiac arrhythmias
Amitriptyline
54
What is a functional disorder?
A disorder that has no known physiologic reason for the abnormal functioning of organ or organ systems
EX. Schizophrenia
55
Dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function
*Stroke
*Parkinsons
*MS
Organic Brain Disorder
56
What is a mental disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality
Psychosis
57
Adventurous Breath Sounds
Decreased, absent or abnormal breath sounds
58
Hypnatremia
Low sodium
59
Hyperkalemia
High potassium
60
Hematochezia
Bright red bloody stools
61
Peptic Ulcer
Burning pain in the upper abdomen, Nausea and dark stools
62
What is responsible for signaling the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose to raise blood sugar levels during hypoglycemia
Glucagon
63
Significant loss of fluids which can result in thirst, lethargy, and muscle twitches
Electrolyte imbalance
64
What are the side effects of an ACE inhibitor
Hypotetion, Bradycardia, angioedema, and persistent dry cough
65
What is the condition where the tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus
Endometriosis
66
Automaticity
Ability of cardiac muscles to contract without stimulation from the nervous system
67
What measures the volume of blood circulated in one minute?
Cardiac Output
68
Chronic Renal Failure
Caused by hypertension or diabetes
69
Where are the Islets of Langehans located?
Pancreas
70
What produces Glucagon?
Alpha cells
71
What do Beta cells do?
Produce insulin
72
What is a life threatening condition which causes:
*Altered mental status
*Dehydration
*Organ damage through high glucose levels
(often occurs in older adults)
Hypersmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
73
Vasoocclusive Crisis
Ischemia and pain caused by Sickle cell blockage
74
Kussmaul Respirations
Deep, rapid breathing which results in the accumulation of acids when insulin is not present
75
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake, often because of frequent urination
76
Polyphagia
Excessive eating
(inability to use glucose leads to a sense of hunger)
77
Thrombophilia
A tendency toward the development of blood clots
78
What contributes to Anaphalyxis released by immune system in response to allergic reactions
Leukotrienes
79
Loss of Consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus
Breath Holding Syncope
80
Loss of heat by direct contact
*Lying on cold ground
*Placing hand in cold water
Conduction
81
Dysbarism
Any signs and symptoms caused by a difference between surrounding atmospheric pressure and total gas pressure
82
Turgor
Tenting
83
Diminished oxygen pressure above 5,000 ft.
Acute Mountain Sickness
84
Hyperthermia
Body is exposed to more heat than it can lose
85
Cytotoxic
Causes severe local tissue damage
86
Signs of Frostbite
Mottling and Blisters
87
Muscle cramps
Caused by a lack of salt
88
What is characterized by labored respiration and some degree of altered mental status
Postictal
89
SLUDGEM
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric upset
Emesis
Muscle twitching
90
Symptoms of Anticholinergic Agentsu
*Red hot
*Blind
*Dry
*Altered
(similar to sympathomimetic overdoses)
91
Determining Altered Mental Status (AEIOU TIPSSS)
Alcohol
Epilepsy
Insulin
Opiates
Uremia
Trauma
Infection
Poisoning
Shock/Stroke/Seizure
92
In regards to stroke, what do unequal pupils indicate?
-Significant Inter Cranial Pressure (ICP)
-Compression of the Occular nerve (nerves that control pupillary response), pupil affected will be blown
93
What are signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
-Type 1 Diabetes
-Kussmaul Respirations
-Fruity or acetone breath
-Warm dry skin
94
Where is glycogen and bile produced
Liver
95
What is a key characteristic of an acute asthma attack?
Audible stridor
96
What 3 major conditions result in hypoxia?
-Narcotic overdose
-Severe anxiety
-Pulmonary Edema
97
98
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
99
What symptoms are key indicators of TB
-Fever
-Cough
-Night sweats
100
What is Excited Delirium?
Hyperactive irrational behavior with possible vivid hallucinations, which can create a potential for violence.
*Can lead to death through metabolic acidosis
101
What is metabolic acidosis
Failure of kidneys to remove excess acid in blood
102
Although still indicated, what is a condition an EMT should pay attention to after administering Epinephrine?
Heart disease
103
What are the characteristics of moderate hypothermia?
*Temp between 93.2 and 86
*Shivering stops
*Muscle activity significantly decreases
104
What are the most suggestive signs of a systemic reaction following the ingestion of a poison?
Tachycardia, Hypotension, and Altered mental status
105
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108
109
110
111
112
113
What are the characteristics of mild hypothermia?
*Body temp between 96.8 and 93.2
*Alert and shivering
*Pale
114
Characterized by a tearing sensation in the lower back
Aortic Aneurysm
115
What is often caused by hypertension or diabetes?
Chronic Renal Failure
116
What is the most significant complication associated with acute abdomen?
Peritonis
117
What is the principle system in both infectious and non-infectous gastroeneritis?
Diarrhea
118
What organ assists in filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir and produced antibodies?
Spleen
119
Most likely to cause Acute Renal Failure
Heart failure
120
121
122
123
What type of a skin type is associated with hypoglycemia?
Cool, clammy skin
124
What is a behavioral crisis?
Any situation in which a patient of any age exhibits agitated, violent, or uncooperative behavior
125
126
What causes DKA?
Insulin is not available in the body
127
Why does vtach cause hypotention?
The left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood
128
