Section 6.6 - IC Medical Emergencies Flashcards
What is a Heart Attack?
A Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) occurs when blood supply to any part of the heart muscle (Myocardium) is significantly reduced or halted. Which leads to permanent heart muscle damage (Infarction).
It is usually caused by a blood clot in one of the coronary arteries.
What are the signs and symptoms of a Heart Attack?
Persistent, vice-like pain in centre of chest often spreading to back, neck, jaw, both arms (commonly the left) and upper abdomen
Skin is cold and clammy and ashen grey
Difficulty breathing
Nausea and vomiting
A sense of impending doom
What is Angina?
Angina occurs when the coronary arteries become narrow and the flow of blood to the heart muscle is restricted causing the heart muscle to spasm
Often occurs in the elderly and is brought on through stress or exertion
What are the signs and symptoms of Angina?
Similar to those of a Heart Attack however the attack only lasts a few minutes and the pain ceases if the casualty rests and or takes their medication
Most Angina suffers will understand what is happening to them and will have medication on them (GTN)
What is Asthma?
Asthma is is characterised by swelling, inflammation or partial blockage of the lower respiratory tract.
This caused by a reaction to allergens, chemical irritants, infections, emotional stress, exercise or extreme temperatures.
What are the signs and symptoms of Asthma?
Difficulty with breathing - use of accessory muscles of neck and shoulder- tripod position
Wheezing (lower airway)
Rapid pulse
Inability to complete sentences
Restlessness, drowsiness and confusion
What is Anaphylactic Shock?
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