Section A Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is urbanisation?
The increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas, driven by rural–urban migration and natural increase.
What are the two main causes of urban growth?
Rural–urban migration and natural increase (higher birth rates minus death rates).
What is a push factor in urban migration?
A negative condition in rural areas (e.g., lack of jobs, poor services) that drives people to move away.
What is a pull factor in urban migration?
A positive attraction in urban areas (e.g., employment opportunities, better healthcare) that draws people in.
What is natural increase?
Population growth calculated as birth rate minus death rate, often higher in young, expanding cities.
What defines a megacity?
A city with over 10 million inhabitants, most commonly found in LICs and NEEs.
Define sustainable urban living.
Meeting current urban needs (housing, transport, utilities) without compromising the environment or social equity for future generations.
What are brownfield and greenbelt sites?
Brownfield: previously developed land available for redevelopment. Greenbelt: protected rural land surrounding cities to limit urban sprawl.
What is an integrated transport system?
A coordinated network of buses, trains, cycling, and walking routes designed to operate efficiently together.
Give an example of a water conservation strategy.
Rainwater harvesting systems, low-flow taps, public education on reducing usage.
Give an example of an energy conservation strategy.
Installing solar panels, using energy-efficient lighting and appliances, promoting renewable sources.
What is a key waste recycling method in cities?
Curb-side collection, community composting schemes, and material-specific recycling bins.
What does urban greening involve?
Creating parks, green roofs, street trees, and community gardens to improve air quality and well-being.
What is a sustainable transport scheme example?
Curitiba’s Bus Rapid Transit system with dedicated lanes and a waste-for-food recycling incentive.
Name two opportunities created by urban growth in Lagos.
Rapid economic expansion with job creation and improved access to education and transport links.
Name two challenges caused by rapid urban growth in Lagos.
Widespread informal housing (slums), severe pollution, and congestion on roads.
What is Makoko and what problems does it face?
A floating settlement in Lagos with poor sanitation, overcrowding, and unstable housing structures.
What are two pros of Tempo Housing in Lagos?
They are cheap and quick to construct and provide local employment opportunities.
What are two cons of Tempo Housing in Lagos?
Poor insulation leading to overheating and social stigma due to low-quality materials.
What traffic problem does Lagos face?
Heavy congestion from rapid population growth and insufficient transport infrastructure.
Give one solution to Lagos’s traffic congestion.
Implementing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) with dedicated lanes and improved road networks.
How successful is Lagos in managing its urban growth?
Partially; infrastructure and services have improved but housing shortages and pollution persist.
Why is London considered an important global city?
It is a major financial centre, transport hub, and cultural and educational hotspot.
Name two opportunities stemming from urban regeneration in London.
Job creation and improved housing and public spaces.
