Section A

Question 1

Descriptivism?

Answer 1

Describing how language is actually used with the view that language changes over time

Question 2

Prescriptivism?

Answer 2

The view that there is a wrong and right way to use language by attempting to provide language rules.

Question 3

Standardisation?

Answer 3

Standardisation is the idea that a standard form of language is superior to others.

Question 4

Identity?

Answer 4

A set of resources that people use to present and express themselves to others

Question 5

Static identity?

Answer 5

Relatively stable features of identity

Question 6

Fluid identity?

Answer 6

Dynamic features of identity that change over time

Question 7

What are the three types of self domains?

Answer 7

The actual self
The ideal self
The ought self

Question 8

The actual self?

Answer 8

The attributes that an individual actually posesses

Question 9

The ideal self?

Answer 9

Attributes that an individual would like to possess

Question 10

The ought self?

Answer 10

The attributes that an individual believes they should posess.

Question 11

Looking glass theory? (Cooley)

Answer 11

1- Your imagination of your appearnace
2-Your imagination of other peoples judgement
3- Self judgement

Question 12

Social identity theory? (Taffel, 1979)

Answer 12

Individuals have not one but many selves. (personal self). Group memberships create an inside identity at the expense of out groups.

Question 13

Un-advertising?

Answer 13

Avoiding the use of classical advertising features, such as ads between breaks.

Question 14

Hyper-advertising?

Answer 14

Advertising in new ways so that the audience don’t feel as if they are being advertised too because they are ‘too clever’.

Question 15

Stance?

Answer 15

The position that that people will take in relation to what’s being said, themselves and other people or objects.

Question 16

Stance taker?

Answer 16

The individual who is expressing the stance

Question 17

Stance object?

Answer 17

The topic that is being discussed.

Question 18

Stance resources?

Answer 18

The resources that are being drawn upon within the topic.

Question 19

Stance addressee?

Answer 19

The reader or hearer that is in stance situation.

Question 20

Acronym?

Answer 20

Clipping words and then using the initial letters to create a new individual word.

Question 21

Consonant writing?

Answer 21

Using consonants in isolation by omitting vowels.

Question 22

Social reading?

Answer 22

Reading whilst connected with other people.

Question 23

Collective intelligence?

Answer 23

The intelligence that comes from individuals collaborating and competing.

Question 24

Sequential writing?

Answer 24

One person will work on a document and then pass it on to the next person to work on.

Question 25

Parellel writing?

Answer 25

Documents are divided into different sections and writers will work on the different sections at the same time, in parallel.

Question 26

Reciprocal writing?

Answer 26

The whole document is shared between all members/writers simultaneously.

Question 27

Wiki?

Answer 27

Wiki is a web application that Is used as a discussion medium where people can share and edit content.

Question 28

Wiki design principles? (4)

Answer 28

Four of wiki's design principles are - Openness and trust - Incremental - Observable - Organic

Question 29

Pictograms

Answer 29

Signs that have some resemblance with the meanings that they represent

Question 30

Logograms

Answer 30

Signs that are congenitally associated with certain meanings but don't actually have any iconic relationship.

Question 31

Rebus writing?

Answer 31

Rebus writing is when numbers, letters and pictograms are used to represent a word, based on sounds.

Question 32

Phonetic spelling?

Answer 32

Signs that represent the sound of word. This will often represent accents and regional areas.

Question 33

Aesthetic writing?

Answer 33

Changing the form and arrangement of letters for visual effect.

Question 34

Transletteration?

Answer 34

Replacing characters or letters on the basis of how they look.

Question 35

Crowdsourcing?

Answer 35

When companies/institutions take a function that was once performed by employees and outsource it to a large network

Question 36

Gamification?

Answer 36

An incentive mechanism where contributors 'earn' something from investing work. However they 'earn' points meaning that it can't be spent like money.