Theorists

Question 1

Tagg 2015 (w7)

Answer 1

The only evidence of text speak being used inappropritly and in the wrong context is when a 13 year old girl wrote an essay using text speak in 2003.

Question 2

Deumert 2014 (w7)

Answer 2

Said that aesthetic writing actually takes longer than the standard orthographic form, suggesting that not all forms of text speak indicate laziness.

Question 3

Kress (2000, 2010) and Blommaert (2008) 9w7)

Answer 3

Emphasised the visuality of writing and said that writing is ‘always a kind of picture’.

Question 4

Higgins, 1987 (w8)

Answer 4

Spoke about the three self domains. 
These are....\
1- The actual self
2- The ideal self
3-The ought self

Question 5

Goffman, 1956 (w8)

Answer 5

‘Identities are masks that can be worn and taken off in different contexts of interaction’

Question 6

Cooley (w8)

Answer 6

Introduced the ‘Looking glass self’ theory. This was about self assessment.
1- Imagination of your appearance
2- Imagination of other judgement
3-Self judgement

Question 7

Tafjel, 1979 (w8)

Answer 7

Social identity theory.
A person has not one but several selves that they will use in different groups to create a group identity. They do this by trying to favour the in group at the expense of the out group.

Question 8

Lit, 2012 (w8)

Answer 8

An imagined audience is the ‘mental conceptualisation of the people with whom we are communicating’

Question 9

Mcluhan, 1964 (8b)

Answer 9

Claimed that ‘hot’ media (single sense/low participation ) such as books will be taken over by ‘cool’ media (high discussion/participation) such as

Question 10

Stein, 2008 (8b)

Answer 10

Said that ‘reading has always been social, but the paper medium covered that up’

Question 11

Katz et al, 1974 (8b)

Answer 11

Uses and gratification theory.
Media choice and use is motivated by the desire to satisfy or to gratify a need/
Process gratification- Arise from performance of activity.
Content gratification- Arise from acquiring information.

Question 12

Hall, 2003 (8)

Answer 12

Spoke about the ‘Oprahfication’ of literacy with book clubs being an important step in social reading by establishing a sense of intimacy with readers. (para social relationship between viewer and tv presenter)

Question 13

Geller and Eodice, 2013 (11)

Answer 13

Collaborative writing is tan inventive process in which two or more writers synthesise and share their individual perspectives to create a new and shared voice throughout texts.

Question 14

Surowieki, 2004 (11)

Answer 14

The wisdom of crowds.
Smart Crowds- 
 Diversity
-Independence
- Decentralisation
Dumb groups- 
Homogeneity
-Centralisation
-Divison
-Imitation

Question 15

Howe, 2006 (11)

Answer 15

Used ‘istockphoto’ to access 56 photographs for £1 each, rather than buying many for a large fortune. This is an example of crowdsourcing?

Question 16

Schmidt, 2013 (11)

Answer 16

Crowdsourcing categories by incentive
Monetary incentive- 
cognitive piecework
Without a monetary incentive
-- Volunteer crowd work

Question 17

Ward, 2016 (11)

Answer 17

Through social media, campaigns are able to become almost living, breathing, changing things.

Question 18

Benkler, 2002 (11)

Answer 18

With commons-based peer production, the public controls the campaign.

Question 19

Davis, 2011 (11)

Answer 19

Slactivism is ‘the act of passively supporting causes in order to tap into the satisfaction is accompanies without having to do any heavy lifting’

Question 20

Aaker abd Smith, 2010 (11)

Answer 20

The idea that dragonflies can fly in any direction if all four of their wings are working in unison.
If a social media campaign has all four principles, it can create positive social change.
1-Focus
2-Grab attention
3-Engage
4-Take action