Section A: Development in New Materials

Question 1

Whats metal foam and properties

Answer 1

cellular structure made from metal and gas filled pores
strong, good heat resistance, sound absorption, weight saving and imapact absorbing structures in vehicles

Question 2

Whats Liquid Crystal Display

Answer 2

LCD is a matrix of pixels that display an image on a screen

Question 3

What are coated metals

Answer 3

metal coatings help protect metal- more durable and reduce wear/tear. leave unprotected and its liable to rust/corrosion due to exposure

Question 4

Give examples of coated metals

Answer 4

eg galvanised steel, plastic coatings (teflon), anodising, thermoplastic dip and painting

Question 5

Whats titanium

Answer 5

Found in the crust, used in the form of an alloy
high strength, lightweight and ressists corrosion

Question 6

Give examoles where titanium is used

Answer 6

missiles, space and aircraft and medicine for artificial joints (doesnt react with tissue)

Question 7

What are nanomaterials

Answer 7

materials or substances made at small scale
contain particles less than 100 nanometres in size

Question 8

Whats nanotechnology

Answer 8

adds properties to products eg lightness, tensile strength and rigidity
used in electronics and medicine
Can incorperate useful properties in textiles
eg resistant to bacteria, super hydrophobic and repel dirt/bad odours

Question 9

Whats graphene and properties

Answer 9

single layer of carbon atoms tightly bound in hexagonal lattice
thinnest material, extremely strong, light and conductive to heat and electricity

Question 10

Give examples in where graphene is used

Answer 10

sport equipment, cooling tech, tech in phones, batteries, solar applications, aerospace

Question 11

What are smart materials

Answer 11

responsive materials designed to react to external stimuli, altering functional/ aesthetic properties

Question 12

Whats polymorph

Answer 12

polymer that can be shaped/reshaped many times 62C becomes flexible and easy to mould to desired shape

Question 13

What are the properties of polymorph when it sets/uses

Answer 13

• stiff, strong
• used for bespoke shapes(ergonomic handles) prototype mechanical parts and mouldings

Question 14

What is shape memory alloy SMA

Answer 14

group of matrials that revert back to original shaoe after being deformed byb heat/external stimulus

Question 15

Give an example of an SMA

Answer 15

• Nitinol used in dentistry for braces,
• thermal shape memory and super elasticity
• Nitinol mesh used in expandable stents for treating blocked arteries

Question 16

What are thermochromic materials

Answer 16

• temp sensitive- change colour at certain ranges of temp
• incorperated into inks and printed onto plastic for temp indicators

Question 17

What are photochromic materials example too

Answer 17

• change colour when exposed to different UV levels.
  Eg glasses- in bright sunlight darken, revert to colourless

Question 18

Explain how photochromic materials used in textiles

Answer 18

pigments used in printing inks and novelty toys
overtime pigments degrade from over exposure to UV

Question 19

What are composite materials

Answer 19

Material which contains 2/+ different materials that are combined to create a material with improved function and properties

Question 20

What is glass reinforced plastic GRP

Answer 20

• composite material, polyester reinforced with addition of glass fibre
• made by combining thermosetting polyester resin and glass fibre matting
• strong and lightweight composite
• circuit boards, marine industry, boat hulls and custom car kit market

Question 21

What is carbon reinforced plastic CRP

Answer 21

• Composite, thermoplastic reinforced with carbon fibres
• high strength:weight- rigid
• used in aerospace, F1 vehicle chassis, sport equip- running blades

Question 22

What are technical textiles

Answer 22

manufactured for their function and performance

Question 23

Give 5 examples of protective clothing protection

Answer 23

chemical protection
particulate filtration
flame resistance
cut resistance
outdoor protection&high visability

Question 24

What is gore tex

Answer 24

Fabric with breathable and waterproof properties
commonly used in outdoor clothing

Question 25

What is kevlar

Answer 25

plastic fibre with hight tensile strength, heat resistant, extremely hard-wearing
flexible and lightweight synthetic fibre from aramids (modified polyamide)

Question 26

Explain how kevlar fibres are arranged to provide protective properties

Answer 26

fibres tightly woven to resist penetration. fibres absorb nd dissipate an impact

Question 27

Give examples where kevlar is used

Answer 27

body armour, bullet proof vests etc
used to reinforce tyres, add strength and durability in sport equip and vehicle components

Question 28

What are microfibres

Answer 28

synthetic fibres less than 1 denier which can be microencapsulated

Question 29

What is microencapsulation and uses

Answer 29

process of adding a coating to tiny particles or droplets
improve properties of microfibre like antimircrobial agents, insecticides, moisturisers, medicines release under control

Question 30

What are fire resistant fibres

Answer 30

designed to withstand heat and resist burning
for fire fighters

Question 31

What are conductive fibres

Answer 31

made from coated/blended conductive metals
used for thermal heating/allow electrical signal to pass little resistance

Question 32

What is an example of a fire resistant fibre

Answer 32

Nomex (fibre thickens and absorbs heat) woven to provide protection against heat without melting
lightweight and durable
used for racing crew too

Question 33

What can conductive fibres include

Answer 33

batteries, small lights and electronics embedded in them
fitted for sportswear to monitor vital stats

Question 34

What can be woven into fabric to generate power from sunlight and motion

Answer 34

fibre based solar cells & kinetic energy harvesters