Section B: Textiles Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Name the 4 natural fibres
A
silk
wool
cotton
linen
2
Q
What three fribres are staple?
A
wool
cotton
linen
3
Q
Name examples of cotton products
A
denim
corduroy
towels
furnishings and curtains
4
Q
What are the properties of cotton?
A
durable
soft/warm
abrasion resistant
5
Q
What easy after care can cotton have?
A
machine wash
tumble dry
hot iron
6
Q
Name examples of linen products
A
upholstery
cloths
wallpapers
household linens
7
Q
Name properties of linen
A
absorbent
durable
strong
creases easily
8
Q
What easy after care can linen go though?
A
dry clean
hot wash hot iron
9
Q
Name wool products
A
jersey
tweed jumpers
suits
10
Q
Name properties of wool
A
absorbent
soft/warm
renewable and biodegradable
flame resistant
good insulator
11
Q
What easy after care can wool go through?
A
dry clean/ machine washes
medium iron on wrong side
12
Q
Name examples of slik products
A
chiffon
raw silk
13
Q
Name properties of silk
A
absorbent
warm
drapes
lustrous
14
Q
What easy after care can silk go through?
A
dry clean
hand wash
low iron on wrong side
15
Q
Name examples of acrylic products
A
fleece
wool-like fabrics
carpets
furnishings
soft toys
16
Q
Name properties of elastane/lycra/spandex
A
great tensile strength
elasticity
shape retention
light weight
fast drying
17
Q
Name properties of nylon/polyamide
A
elastic
tough
abrasion resistant
smooth/soft
easy to wash/dye
18
Q
Name properties of polyester
A
strong
elastic
crease resistant
spun for polycotton: lightweight,cool and less likely to wrinkle
19
Q
explain abrasion resistant
A
eg polyester is tough and hardwearing
fast drying and lightweight
used in backpacks, sails and tents
20
Q
Explain absobency
A
moisture wicking fabrics like nylon or polyester draw moisture away from body & dry rapidly keep wearer dry when exercising
21
Q
Explain elasticity
A
elastane/lycra are elastic while retaining its shape
provides comfort and flexibiklity in sportswear/swim
heard wearing and quick drying
22
Q
Explain flame retardants
A
chemically treated fabrics made to be more resistant to fires like upholstery have been tested agains british guidelines for the okay sign
23
Q
Name 5 flame retardant products
A
childrens nightwear
theatre curtains
racing drivers clothes
protective workwear
furnishings
24
Q
Explain lamination process
A
lamination: fueses 2/+ layers of fabric together with heat,adhesives and pressure
25
Common uses of lamination x6
outdoor clothing/ rainwear
outdoor curshions/seating
restaurant seating
car covers
wall coverings
baby bibs
26
How do laminated fibres protect?
provides barrier against dirt, grease,liquids and bacteria
27
How do laminated fibres preserve?
prevents staining
fading or tearing
28
How do laminated fibres prove to be easy to maintain?
provides an easy wipe surface
29
How do laminated fibres durable
inc durability
weather resistance
reduces wear and tear
30
How do laminated fibres aesthetics
improve surface of textiles
eg blinds/curtains
31
Name 4 common cutting tools
shears
rotary cutting wheel
pinking shears
embroidery scissors
32
Explain good of shears
long blades help make cutting straight, easier and faster
33
explain good of pinking shears
stops fraying
zig zag finish decorative
34
explain good of emroidery scissors
small bladed for delicate work and cutting threads
35
explain good of rotary cutting wheel
cuts accurate lines and curves
on multiple layers
36
Name 3 commercial cutting tools
textile band saw
electric rotary cutting wheel
laser cutter
37
explain good of textile band saw
fast and efficient
multiple layers can be cut
38
explain good of electric rotary cutting wheel
speeds up processs of cutting
39
explain good of laser cutter
CAM generated
very accurate
very fast
40
Explain the before process of cutting
pattern or template needed
pinned to fabric for tracing (included seam allowance)
pattern markings added for correct assembling
41
What is seam allowance
additional amount of fabric needed for seam turning
42
Define sewing
joings fabrics together or fastens objects using needle and thread
hand or machine
43
why is machine sewing better
neater
quicker
stringer
44
why is hand sewing useful
fine,delicate works
small repairs and restoration
45
What is a seam
joins two pieces of fabric together
46
Explain a straight (running) stitch
basic
quick and easy
used to tack cloth before seaming
dashed line effect
47
explain a back stitch
loops back over itself
more durable than straight
finished look as solid line
48
explain chain stitch
chain and looped
decorative
tesion loose
chain shape
49
explain blanket stitch
traditionally found on blankets like fleece
durable edge
prevent fluffy strands coming away from edges
decorative
50
explain zig zag stitch
reinforced areas prone to stress like buttonholes
or sewing stretchy fabrics
prevent fray by enclosing raw edge
51
explain overlock stitch
overlocker machine
create durable edge,hem,seam over 1/2 of cloth
faster and can hold more reels
52
Nmae 3 types of pleating
box pleats
accordion
knife
53
explain good of pleating
adds folds for volume and texture
inc movement and strength
54
How are pleats formed
doubling fabric back upon itself and keeping it in place
eg pressed, heat-set ir sewn
55
What is gathering
sewing technique to manage fullness and shape
56
when or where is gathering used
waitsband
cuffs
shoulder pieces
curtains for folds in length so it hangs well
57
what is quilting
sewing several layers of fabric together to form a thick and warm structure
made up of decorative top layer, wadding and simpler backing material
58
What is piping
forms a trim to define edges of cushions, upholstery and some garments
59
How is piping formed
folding a strip of fabric over a length of piping cord and sewn along the edge
60
why is piping fabric cut along the bias
make it easier to bend around corners and prevent puckering
61
name 3 stock forms
rolls/bolts fabric
ball of yarn
reels yarn
62
how are rolls/bolts sold
standard widths: 90,115,150cm
length varies w/how much u want
63
how are balls of yarn sold
ball
skein
hank
sold by weight
64
how are reels of yarn sold
variety of lengths
thickness measured in ply
eg 2-ply is 2 strand twisted/plied
65
name 4 fastenings
zips
buttons and toggles
press stud/poppers
velcro
66
explain zips
two rows of interlocking teeth which are opened/closed with a slider
67
what are zips uses/facts
used to faten in openings like bags,jeans and sleeping bags
made of metal or plastic
secure
hardwearing and washable
68
what are buttons/toggles made from
plastic
wood
metal
horn
69
what are button facts
can be made to match fabric
replacable
can fall off/damaged in wash
70
what are press studs/poppers
pair of interlocking discs made of metal or plastic
71
what are poppers facts
hardwearing
washable
secure fastening device
quick fastening on shirts/coats
72
what is velcro
two components:
one of tiny nylon hooks and other with loops
adjustable fastening
73
what are some velcro facts/info
reusable
hardwearing
washable
used on childrens clothes/shoes
practical but not aesthetic
needs securley attatching- not long lasting
74
What is natural dye made of
plants, invertebrates and minerals
75
what is synthetic dye made from
chemical resouces and petroleum by-products
76
what are dis/3 advantages of natural dyes
+although they are diverse range of rich colours,
-colour may vary with each batch
+not dependant on non-renewable sources
+non toxic
77
what are dis/advantages of synthetic dyes
+long lasting and consistant colours
-some chemicals are toxic >can harm people/environment
-waste water needs to be carefully processed
78
what is meant by commercial dyeing
industry dyes large volumes of fabrics used for producing househokd items/clothes
79
what is continuous dyeing
large quantities of raw fabric rolls machine fed through tanks of dye
time/cost efficient for batch produce
steamed/dry heated to fix colour
washed, dried and wound ready for delivery
80
what is batch dyeing
smaller quantity dyed spesific colour
enables manufacturer respond quickly to requests of colour
passed back and forth between tank of dye until colour fully used up/exhausted
fabric fixed, washed and dried
81
what is stock dyeing
before being spun/woven
loose fibres put into large vats containing dye
heated so dye molecules absorbed by fibres until desired colour obtained
more control over colour for weavers
82
what is hand dyeing best fabrics used in
linen or cotton
83
what is resist dyeing
hand dyeing that prevents dye from reaching full fabric -- batik
84
what is the process of batik
hot wax used to mask an area in decorative pattern using tjanting
wax resists the dye so fabric is washed and undyed area reveal pattern
85
what is tie-dye
hand dyeing method
consists of twisting,folding and crumpling fabric and holding it in place with string/elastic bands
folds and bands resist and prevent dye from reaching all of fabric
86
Name 6 types of printing
screen
flatbed screen
rotary screen
sublimation
block
digital
87
what is screen printing
popular low cost option for small print runs /tshirt designs
88
what is the process of creen printing
wooden fram with mesh fabric stetched used
chosen design set into mesh with layer of light reactive emulsion which harden under light--stencil
printing ink poured over screen and pressed though fine mesh
89
what are the dis/advantages of screen printing
+effective low cost option for striking designs with vibrant colours
-screen/stencils take time to make and colour applied seperately --not time efficient
90
what is flatbed printing
use of several screens at once
91
what is the process of flatbed screening
fabric laid firmly across conveyor, screens lowered and ink applied
fabric will be programmed to move along conveyor a controlled length at a time
92
What is rotary screen printing
most freq used in commercial method as continuous production
93
what is the process of rotary screen printing
horizontal cylinder used instead of screen each cylinder to produce diff layer of colour
ink resevoirs pump the ink through the inside of cylinder
as rolled across, squeegee pushes ink out in controlled amounts
94
What is sublimation printing
applies sublimation inks on fabric using combination of heat and pressure
95
what is the process of sublimation printing
dye based inks are printed on sublimation paper
paper laid onto fabric and heat pressed
heat turns inks in paper from solid to gaseous state which penertrate fibres of fabric
polyester fibres are most suitable as heat opens pores for absorbtion
96
What is block printing
ink dipped block made of wood or linoleum pressed into fabric
pattern cut into block leaving a raised design whcih takes the ink
97
what are the dis/advantages of block printing
+gives complete control over hand printing design
+easily repeated and colour changes
-after every use, needs to be washed if using another colour
98
what is digital printing
ink-jet form printing where rolls of fabric are fed through printer and ink is applied to surface in form of 100s tiny droplets
heat/steam to cure fabric and ensure ink set
99
what are the dis/advantages of digital printing
+more complex/intricate design/pattern produced using graphic design software
+small runs of fabric can be printed, adopting a lean/JIT method
-setup and equip costy
100
what is weaving
interlaces two sets of yarn at right angles to form fabric
101
what are the weft and warp in weaving
warp: run on length
weft: run across the width
depending where you look will determine horizontalness or verticalness
102
name two common weaves
plain and twill
103
how does modern textiles help with industrial weaving
large scale industrial looms
CAD designs computer controlled
increased automation = consistent and fault free textiles with faster productivity rate
104
name 5 surface treatments/finishes
stain protection
water repellency
mould&rot protection
printing
embossing
105
what is stain protection
chemical process which prevents water/oil-based spills from attatching themselves to fabric and affecting colour
106
where is stain protection used
carpets
furnishings
shoesw
107
what is water rpellency
silicone based chemicals can be added to fabrics to provide durable barrier
108
what is mould/rot protection
PVC coating or waterproofing coat
heavy duty canvas can be treated and then finished with flame retardant
109
what is printing as a finish
die-cut decals produced on specialised flim or papers for heat transfer onto cloth
striking designs for all apparel
110
what is embossing
fabric passed through heated, decorative rollers that will press pattern into texture of cloth
