section a: organisms and life processes Flashcards
(146 cards)
what eight life processes do living organisms have in common
movement, respiration, sensitivity/stimuli, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition, control,
give the organelles found in an unspecialized animal cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria
give the organelles found in an unspecialized plant cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
what do chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll
what are plant cell walls made of
cellulose
what do enzymes do in metabolic reactions
speed up reactions and control them.
what are enzymes known as
biological catalysts
how do cells release energy from food
they respire aerobically and anaerobically
how can substances move in and out of cells
by diffusion, osmosis and active transport
what are the levels or organisation in an organism
organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems
what does a catalyst do
speeds up the reaction without getting used up
what are enzymes made of
chains of amino acids
what is an active site
the shape of the protein molecule or enzyme.
what attaches to the active site
the substrate
what happens if the shape of the active site changes
the enzyme stops working and denatures
what could change the shape of the active site/denature the enzyme
heat or pH
what is the chemical energy from food (that is broken down by cellular respiration) used for?
muscle contraction, active transport, building up large molecules and cell division
give the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide and water (+ energy)
give the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ energy)
what is anaerobic respiration caused by
cells having to respire with no oxygen available
what are the waste products of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
ethanol and carbon dioxide
what are the waste products of anerobic respiration in animal cells
lactic acid
how does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic?
the glucose is not completely broken down and less energy is released
where does anaerobic respiration take place
in muscle cells during exercise.