Section C: B3

Question 1

What occurs in the mitochondria?

Answer 1

Respiration occurs which provides energy for life processes

Question 2

What are organelles?

Answer 2

Components of the cell

Question 3

What do ribosomes produce?

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

What is the word equation for respiration?

Answer 4

oxygen + glucose -> CO2 + H2O +ATP

Question 5

Why do all cells need ribosomes?

Answer 5

Need proteins for growth and repair

Question 6

What cells need mitochondria than others?

Answer 6

Liver and Muscle cells as muscle needs energy for contraction and liver needs energy for chemical reactions

Question 7

How are the nucleus, chromosomes and genes related?

Answer 7

Chromosomes are inside the nucleus, inside the chromosomes are the genes which are made up of DNA

Question 8

What does DNA hold?

Answer 8

Code for making proteins

Question 9

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 9

Long molecules of amino acids

Question 10

What is an amino acid made up of?

Answer 10

Triplet code

Question 11

What is the link between genes and proteins?

Answer 11

Each gene codes for one protein

Question 12

What do information in genes form?

Answer 12

Coded instructions called the genetic code

Question 13

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 13

Two strands coiled to form a double helix, each strand contains bases with crosslinks between the strands formed by pairs of bases

Question 14

Why is a copy of the gene needed?

Answer 14

Because the gene itself can not leave the nucleus and ribosomes can not enter the nucleus

Question 15

How is the code needed to produce protein copied?

Answer 15

Carried from the DNA to ribosomes by a molecule called mRNA

Question 16

How does DNA control cell function?

Answer 16

Tells the cell what proteins to produce, some will be enzymes which means that the cell will be in a certain pH and used for different chemical reactions

Question 17

What are 2 complementary base pairs?

Answer 17

C and G ( Chatham Grammar) T and A (Thomas Avelin)

Question 18

Why do bases need to be in complementary pairs?

Answer 18

As they have complementary shapes so they fit together to link together across two strands

Question 19

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

Who first discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 20

Watson and Crick, took x-rays showing that there were two chains around in a helix, data indicating that the bases occurred in pairs

Question 21

Why are new discoveries not accepted or rewarded immediately?

Answer 21

Other scientists must test or repair the work to confirm findings are correct

Question 22

What are some examples of proteins?

Answer 22

Hormones, Enzymes and Haemoglobin

Question 23

What are enzymes?

Answer 23

Proteins, molecules that speed up chemical reactions and work best at their optimum pH

Question 24

What are the functions of some proteins?

Answer 24

Collage, structural
Insulin, hormonal
Haemoglobin, carrier molecules

Question 25

How do proteins have different functions?

Answer 25

As they have their own number and sequence of amino acids which result in different shape molecules

Question 26

Describe an enzyme

Answer 26

Biological catalysts, catalysing chemical reactions occurring in living cells and have a high specificity for their substrate

Question 27

Why does enzyme activity change when pH or temperature is altered?

Answer 27

Lower collision rate at a low temperature, Denaturing at high temp and pH

Question 28

How does denaturing reduce enzyme activity?

Answer 28

As the active site shape changes the substrate molecules will not fit and so less successful collisions

Question 29

How do you calculate Q10?

Answer 29

Rate at a higher temperature / Rate at lower temperature of 10 degree intervals

Question 30

What is a gene mutation?

Answer 30

Changes to genes due to changes in the bases of the DNA

Question 31

What does gene mutation lead to?

Answer 31

Production of different proteins

Question 32

What causes mutations?

Answer 32

Spontaneously, Radiation and Chemicals

Question 33

What is the effect of mutations?

Answer 33

Cause harmful side effects, no effect or could be beneficial

Question 34

What are the two options for genes in a cell?

Answer 34

Some are turned on or off if they are not necessary for the cell function

Question 35

What prevents the production of the protein?

Answer 35

Gene alteration

Question 36

What happens when organisms with mutations reproduce?

Answer 36

The mutated gene is passed down the offspring

Question 37

Give examples of life processes that require energy from respiration

Answer 37

Muscle contractions, Protein synthesis and control body temperature in mammals

Question 38

Why does breathing rate increases during exercise?

Answer 38

As more oxygen is needed for the working muscles which is provided in the blood

Question 39

Why does pulse rate increase during exercise?

Answer 39

Heart needs to beat more to circulate enough blood to working muscles

Question 40

What us definition of breathing?

Answer 40

Taking air into the body and removing it from the body

Question 41

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 41

The rate of energy release in cell

Question 42

What is respiration?

Answer 42

Using glucose and oxygen to provide energy to cells

Question 43

What is the balanced symbol equation of aerobic respiration?

Answer 43

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 44

What form is energy in?

Answer 44

A chemical called ATP