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Xray Cardiovascular system section D > Section D > Flashcards

Section D Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of a blood vessel?

A

Intima, muscular media, and adventitia

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2
Q

The inside space of a tubular structure is ?

A

lumen

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3
Q

Arteries carry ___

A

oxygenated blood away from heart to tissue

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4
Q

Veins carry____

A

deoxygenated blood to the heart

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5
Q

The pulmonary vein can carry blood oxygenated blood, true/false

A

true

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6
Q

Whats the blood flow through the heart?

A

Vena cava–Right atrium– tricuspid valve– Right ventricle–Pulmonary valve–Pulmonary trunk– Right & Left Pulmonary arteries–arterioles–capillaries– Pulmonary veins– Left atrium–mitral valve–Left ventricle–Aortic valve–Aorta– delivered to rest of body

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7
Q

From the heart( aorta); to the rest of the body; back to the heart is called ?

A

systemic circulation

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8
Q

From the heart(pulmonary arteries); to the lungs; back to the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

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9
Q

Systole is ?

A

contraction of the heart

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10
Q

Diastole is ?

A

relaxation of the heart

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11
Q

Angiogram is a radiograph of ?

A

blood vessels after contrast is injected

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12
Q

Arteriogram is a radiograph of ?

A

an artery after contrast is injected

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13
Q

A venogram is a radiograph of ?

A

a vein after contrast is injected

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14
Q

The thoracic aorta is made up of ?

A

ascending aorta, descending aorta, aortic arch

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15
Q

The FIRST branches off the aorta are the ?

A

right and left coronary arteries

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16
Q

What arteries supply the heart with blood ?

A

The right and left coronary arteries

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17
Q

What branches off the aortic arch ?

A

brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian

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18
Q

What branches off the brachiocephalic?

A

Right subclavian and right common carotid

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19
Q

When doing an abdominal aortogram the contrast is injected?

A

retrograde

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20
Q

The abdominal aorta extends from ?

A

the diaphragm to bifurcation of common iliac

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21
Q

Abdominal aorta is anterior to vertebral column– true or false

A

true

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22
Q

The first main ventral branch off the aorta?

A

celiac trunk

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23
Q

What are the three branches off the celiac trunk

A

left gastric, splenic, hepatic

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24
Q

What supplies the small and large intestines ?

A

the superior and inferior mesenteric

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25
Q

The superior branch is ventral (anterior) –true or false

A

true

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26
Q

What is just inferior to celiac trunk?

A

superior mesenteric

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27
Q

The renal arteries are ____ to the superior mesenteric artery

A

inferior

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28
Q

The renal arteries are at the level of the interspace between what vertebrae?

A

1 and 2 lumbar vertebrae

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29
Q

Lateral branches off the aorta are ?

A

the renal arteries

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30
Q

Inferior to renal arteries

A

inferior mesenteric

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31
Q

Which vessels will be demonstrated best on an AP projection of the aorta ?

A

renal arteries

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32
Q

Which vessels will be best demonstrated on a lateral projection of the aorta ?

A

celiac trunk, superior and inferior arteries

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33
Q

____ branches into radial and ulnar artery?

A

brachial artery

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34
Q

What are the upper extremity arteries ?

A

subclavian, axillary, brachial artery

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35
Q

The common iliac arteries bifurcate into ___

A

internal and external iliac arteries

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36
Q

Common iliac arteries are __cm

A

5

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37
Q

What artery supplies blood to the pelvis area?

A

internal iliac

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38
Q

____ is continuous with the common femoral?

A

external iliac

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39
Q

The common femoral bifurcates into ___ and ___

A

deep and superficial femoral

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40
Q

What artery is continuous with popliteal ?

A

superficial artery

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41
Q

The popliteal trifurcates into___

A

anterior tibial, peroneal and posterior tibial

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42
Q

what artery is on dorsum of foot?

A

dorsalis pedis

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43
Q

The ___ vena cava receives blood from the upper part of the body

A

superior

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44
Q

The___ vena cava receives blood from the lower part of the body

A

inferior

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45
Q

For a upper extremity venogram the contrast is injected __

A

In the hand , antegrade

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46
Q

For a SUPERIOR vena cava angiogram ______

A

Injection can be made into an IV in upper extremity, or can be performed via catheter insertion

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47
Q

For a INFERIOR vena cana angiogram____

A

catheter insertion only

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48
Q

For a lower extremity venogram the contrast is injected _____

A

in the top of the foot, antegrade , table may be angled to slow progression of contrast

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49
Q

The portal vein collects blood from —-

A

the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas

50
Q

The portal vein delivers blood to the ___

A

liver

51
Q

The _____vein exits the liver and empties into the vena cava

A

hepatic

52
Q

The liver has how many blood supplies ?

A

2

53
Q

The liver receives blood from ?

A

hepatic artery and portal vein

54
Q

Portal vein supplies with liver with ____

A

deoxygenated blood

55
Q

The hepatic artery supplies the liver with ____

A

oxygenated blood

56
Q

Performed to identify disease ____

A

diagnostic anteriograms

57
Q

Performed to treat disease; therapeutic

A

Interventional Radiography procedures

58
Q

No break in the skin occurs

A

Non-invasive

59
Q

A small break in the skin occurs–needle puncture

A

Minimally invasive

60
Q

Involves surgery; incision

A

invasive

61
Q

To put a catheter into is called ?

A

catheterize

62
Q

All interventional radiography is done with digital fluoroscopy–true or false

A

true

63
Q

A technique used in IR where everything is subtracted from the picture except contrast filled blood vessels

A

digital subtraction

64
Q

The access needle used for an anteriogram is called __

A

hypodermic needle

65
Q

Stainless steel wire ; the guide wire is inserted first; the catheter is threaded over

A

guide wire

66
Q

A short catheter that maintains the blood vessels access

A

sheath

67
Q

A plastic hollow tube; transports contrast from outside of the body to a location inside the body

A

catheter

68
Q

On a catheter the distal end is the ___

A

tip; placed into body

69
Q

On a catheter the proximal end is the __

A

the hub; the part that attaches to tubing

70
Q

Blood work needed for anteriogram ____

A

PT, PTT, INR, ACT–tells pts tendency to bleed

71
Q

Test that tells pt kidneys function__

A

BUN/Creatinine

72
Q

Risks of catheterization

A

bleeding, dissection, infection, thrombus formation

73
Q

What is an occlusion?

A

blockage

74
Q

what is ischemia?

A

decreased blood supply

75
Q

What is infarction?

A

tissue death due to decrease blood supply

76
Q

necrosis is ?

A

dead area of tissue

77
Q

what is an embolism?

A

a blood clot travels to a smaller blood vessel and blocks it

78
Q

A percutaneous approach of accessing a blood vessel (before this the blood vessel had to be surgically exposed–a cut down)

A

seldinger method

79
Q

Bright blood, pulsatile

A

arterial access

80
Q

Darker blood, not pulsatile

A

venous access

81
Q

After procedure the blood vessels must be closed–arteries are held for ?? veins are held for??

A

arteries 20 minutes , veins 10 minutes

82
Q

Hemodynamics is ?

A

recording blood pressures within a blood vessel or chamber of a heart

83
Q

Pressure in arteries is ?

A

120/80

84
Q

Pressure in veins is ?

A

5 (no pulse)

85
Q

(RHC) right heart catheterization is accessed through?

A

the vein

86
Q

(LHC) Left heart catheterization is accessed through?

A

an artery

87
Q

Atherosclerosis is ?

A

an accumulation of plaque in the arteries

88
Q

What is stenosis?

A

narrowing of an artery

89
Q

During atherosclerosis a cap forms over the ___

A

plaque

90
Q

The plaque plus the cap is called ?

A

a lesion

91
Q

The plaque is highly ___

A

thrombogenic –prone to forming clotts

92
Q

Intimal hyperplasia is when?

A

The artery tries to heal itself

93
Q

Aneurysm is ?

A

an abnormal bulging

94
Q

What does AAA stand for ?

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

95
Q

What is dissection?

A

separation of layers of a blood vessel results in the formation of a true or false lumen

96
Q

something that travels to a small blood vessel and blocks it is called ?

A

embolism

97
Q

Usually causes blood clots to form in the atria

A

Atrial fibrillation

98
Q

Blood clots from the right atrium can travel to the ___ arteries and cause a pulmonary embolism

A

pulmonary

99
Q

Blood clots from the left atrium can travel to the ____ and cause a cerebral embolism

A

brain

100
Q

What is DVT stand for ?

A

deep vein thrombosis

101
Q

PAD stands for ?

A

Peripheral arterial disease (occurs in extremities)

102
Q

cramp like pain in the legs is due to ?

A

PAD

103
Q

CVA stands for ?

A

cerebral vascular accident

104
Q

TIA stands for ?

A

transient ischemic attack

105
Q

What are the 2 types of stroke

A

Ischemic (blockage) or Hemorrhagic ( bleeding )

106
Q

AVM is?

A

Arteriovenous malformation , tumor of blood vessels -congenital

107
Q

Most common interventional procedures?

A

increase blood flow

108
Q

What are the interventional procedures?

A

increase blood flow, decrease blood flow, remove foreign bodies

109
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

nose bleed

110
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

111
Q

What is angioplasty?

A

ballooning of artery

112
Q

stent is?

A

a device that supplies support to a tubular structure

113
Q

Atherectomy is ?

A

actual removal of plaque

114
Q

Thrombolysis is ?

A

to dissolve a clot

115
Q

Thrombectomy is ?

A

remove blood clot

116
Q

Foreign bodies can be—

A

guide wire , catheters, snare look, grasping devices

117
Q

Inferior vena cava filter is placed in

A

IVC

118
Q

inferior vena cava catheter catches a ___ and prevents ___

A

DVT deep vein thrombus —prevents PE

119
Q

Balloon pump gives the heart __

A

extra beat

120
Q

balloon pump inflates during ?

A

hearts diastole (resting )

Xray Cardiovascular system section D (1 decks)

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