Section Five - Programming

Question 1

True or False?

Programming languages have SIX main data types.

Answer 1

False

Programming languages have FIVE main data types.

Question 2

Name the main data types:

Answer 2

Integer
Real (or float)
Boolean
Character 
String

Question 3

What is the characteristic of an integer?

Answer 3

Whole numbers only

Question 4

What is the characteristic of a real/float?

Answer 4

Numbers that have a decimal part

Question 5

What is the characteristic of a boolean?

Answer 5

Can only take one of two values, usually TRUE or FALSE

Question 6

What is the characteristic of a character?

Answer 6

A single letter, number, symbol.

Question 7

What is the characteristic of a string?

Answer 7

Used to represent text, it is a collection of characters

Question 8

How much memory does an INTEGER typically take up?

Answer 8

2 or 4 bytes

Question 9

What data type typically takes up 4 or 8 bytes?

Answer 9

Real

Question 10

How much memory does a BOOLEAN typically take up?

Answer 10

1 bit is needed but 1 byte is actually used

Question 11

What data type typically takes up 1 byte?

Answer 11

Character

Question 12

How much memory does a STRING typically take up?

Answer 12

1 byte for every character in the string

Question 13

What is used to change data types?

Answer 13

Casting

Question 14

What does the operator ‘==’ mean?

Answer 14

Equal to

Question 15

What symbol means ‘not equal to’?

Answer 15

!=

Question 16

What does the operator ‘<=’ mean?

Answer 16

smaller than or equal to

Question 17

What is the operator ‘=’ used for?

Answer 17

Is used to assign values to constants or variables

Question 18

What is a constant?

Answer 18

An assigned data value that CAN’T be changed while the program is running

Question 19

What is a variable?

Answer 19

An assigned data value that CAN be changed while the program is running

Question 20

What is a string written inside?

Answer 20

Quotation marks

Question 21

What is concatenation?

Answer 21

Joining strings together to form new strings.

Question 22

How are the characters in a string numbered?

Answer 22

They are numbered numerically, starting at 0.

Question 23

What does the function x.upper do?

Answer 23

Changes all characters in string x to upper case

Question 24

What function would turn all the characters in string x to lower case?

Answer 24

x.lower

Question 25

What does the function x.length do?

Answer 25

Returns the number of characters in string x.

Question 26

What function extracts the character in position i from string x?

Answer 26

x[i]

Question 27

What does the function x.subString(a,b) do?

Answer 27

Extracts a string starting at position a with length b from string x

Question 28

What structure do IF statements usually follow?

Answer 28

IF-THEN-ELSE

Question 29

What do IF statements allow you to do?

Answer 29

Check if a condition is true or false and carry out different actions depending on the outcome

Question 30

What do IF-ELSEIF statements allow you to do?

Answer 30

Check multiple conditions.

Question 31

Finish the Sentence: | FOR loops are an example of...

Answer 31

...a Count-Controlled Loop.

Question 32

Finish the Sentence: | SWITCH-CASE statements check the...

Answer 32

...value of a Variable

Question 33

What are loops controlled by?

Answer 33

Conditions

Question 34

/What are the three types of loops

Answer 34

Repeat loops While loops Do while loops

Question 35

What are three Boolean operators?

Answer 35

AND OR NOT

Question 36

Where can Boolean operators be used?

Answer 36

In conditions

Question 37

What are Arrays used for?

Answer 37

To store multiple data values

Question 38

What is each piece of data in an array called?

Answer 38

An element

Question 39

How can elements be accessed in an array?

Answer 39

By using its position/index in the array

Question 40

True or False? | One-dimensional arrays are like lists.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What are you allowed to do when you open a file in READ mode?

Answer 41

Read data from the file into your program

Question 42

What do Databases do?

Answer 42

Organise data into fields and records

Question 43

What are Databases managed by?

Answer 43

SQL - standard query language

Question 44

What are the two most important keywords in SQL?

Answer 44

SELECT and FROM

Question 45

What is the purpose of WHERE in SQL statements?

Answer 45

To filter the results

Question 46

What are Procedures?

Answer 46

Sets of instructions stored under one name

Question 47

What are Functions?

Answer 47

Sets of instructions that always return a value

Question 48

True or False? | Global Variables can only be used within the structure they're declared in.

Answer 48

False. | Global Variables can be used any time after their declaration.

Question 49

True or False? | Local Variables can be used any time after their declaration.

Answer 49

False | Local Variables can only be used within the structure they're declared in.