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Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis > Section I > Flashcards

Section I Flashcards

(58 cards)

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0
Q

What did Fred griffin experiment with

A

Pneumonia on mice

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1
Q

What was originally thought to carry genetic information

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What are single units, monomers

A

Nucleotides

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3
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

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4
Q

What year did Fred Griffith experiment

A

1928

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6
Q

What does the Griffith experiment prove

A

The genetic material is not protein

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7
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide

A
  • five carbon sugar; deoxyribose
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogen base; one of four
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8
Q

What is protein denaturing

A

Breaking down of proteins in heat

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8
Q

In a nucleotide ___ and ___ stay the same but the ___ can change

A

Sugar and phosphate

Nitrogen bases

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9
Q

How do the nitrogen bases pair together

A

A-T, C-G

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10
Q

What 2 nitrogen bases are purines

A

Adenine and guanine

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11
Q

What 2 nitrogen bases are pyrimiones

A

Thymine and cytosine

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12
Q

What 2 nitrogen bases are double rings

A

Adenine and guanine

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13
Q

What 2 nitrogen bases are single ring

A

Thymine and cytosine

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14
Q

What are nitrogen bases combined by

A

A hydrogen bond

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15
Q

How was an image of DNA produced with Wilkins and Franklin

A

X-ray crystallography

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16
Q

What did Chargoff discover

A

That A=T and G=C

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17
Q

Who proposed the first model of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

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18
Q

When was the first DNA model proposed

A

1953

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19
Q

When did Watson and Crick earn their Nobel Prize and for what

A

1953 and physiology medicine

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20
Q

Who else was named to Watson and Crick’s Nobel Prize but could not be recognized because he died

A

Franklin

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21
Q

Where is DNA found in all cells

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

How is DNA found in resting cells

A

In strands known as chromatin

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23
Q

Before cell division, chromatin form ___

24
What are genes
Short segments of DNA that contain specific information for traits
25
DNA polymerase only works in __-->__ direction
5' and 3'
26
Fragments are added in segments of the ___ strand
Lagging
27
What are the two functions of DNA
- control of cells activities | - choose the type of proteins to be made
28
What do the "proof readers" consist of
20 or so amino acids
29
In the first step of DNA replication the DNA ___
Untwists
30
In the second step of DNA replication the ___ unzips the DNA at the nitrogen bases, breaking
DNA helicase | Breaking their hydrogen bonds
32
In the 3rd step of DNA replication free nitrogen bases from the nucleoplasm attach to the ___ by means of DNA polymerase
DNA
33
What is DNA glue
DNA ligase
34
What are the fragments in the lagging strand called
Okazaki fragments
35
The code for DNA replication would fill ___ text books
1,000
36
In step four of DNA replication the bases are reached and what is the result
Two DNA strands, one half being old DNA and the other half being new DNA
36
The correct process of DNA replication is called
Semi-conservative
38
On average how many errors are there per billion nucleotides
1
40
Replication occurs rapidly because
DNA is unzipped at a number of places at a time
41
How many chromosomes per cell
46
41
How many base pairs are there
3 billion
42
What do "proof readers" do
Check and correct mistakes in replication
43
What is the difference between virulent and non-virulent bacteria
Virulent - causes sickness | Non-virulent - doesn't cause sickness
44
Polymerase moves along the ___ strand
Leading
44
How long does DNA replication take
A few hours
45
DNA has the ___ for traits
"Blueprints"
46
Because of the the size of the DNA m the DNA is
Too big to pass through the nuclear membrane
47
What does DNA stand for
Ribonucleic acid
48
Where in the cell are proteins made
Ribosomes, free floating, or attached to the ER
49
What are the parts of the DNA molecule
Sugar, ribose Phosphate Nitrogen bases
50
What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA
Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine
51
What is the design of RNA
Single stranded
52
What are the three types of RNA
Messenger Transfer Ribosomal
53
What does the messenger RNA do
Carries code from DNA to the ribso r
54
What does the transfer RNA do
Single folded strand of RNA that carries the amino acids to ribosomes
55
What is the transfer RNA reused for
Picking up amino acids
56
What is ribosomal RNA made up of
Proteins
57
What is the major component of ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA

Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis (2 decks)

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