Section One - C Primer

Question 2

Daemons

Answer 2

Program with no GUI and run in the background.

Question 3

command line tools

Answer 3

Programs that run for a short time in terminal.

Question 4

Function

Answer 4

A list of instructions for computer to execute.

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

Place where data is stored.

Question 6

short, int, long

Answer 6

These three types are whole numbers.

Question 7

float, double

Answer 7

Floating point number – a number that can have a decimal point.

Question 8

char

Answer 8

One byte integer that we usally treat as a character.

Question 9

pointers

Answer 9

A Pointer holds a memory address. Declared using a asterisk.

Question 10

struct

Answer 10

A struct is a type made up of other types.

Question 11

if/else

Answer 11

if (conditional) {
        // execute this code if the conditional evaluates to true 
 } else {
        // execute this code if the conditional evaluates to false }

Question 12

“==”

Answer 12

Are they equal?

Question 13

“!=”

Answer 13

Are they not equal?

Question 14

&&

Answer 14

Logical AND – true if and only if both are true.

Question 15

||

Answer 15

Logical OR – false if and only if both are true.

Question 16

!

Answer 16

Logical NOT – true becomes false, false becomes true.

Question 17

boolean variable

Answer 17

A variable that can be true or false. BOOL someVarName =

Question 18

else if

Answer 18

if (truckWeight <= 0) {
        printf("A floating truck\n"); 
} else if (truckWeight < 40000.0) { 
        printf("A light truck\n"); 
} else { 
        printf("A heavy truck\n"); 
}

Question 19

conditional (ternary) operator

Answer 19

int minutesPerPound = isBoneless ? 15 : 20;

Question 20

function frame

Answer 20

Think of frame as a blackboard that you scribble on while function is running.

Question 21

stack

Answer 21

is a place in the computer memory where all the variables that are declared and initialized before runtime are stored.
Automatic values – variables are automatically destroyed when function ends.

Question 22

heap

Answer 22

is the section of computer memory where all the variables created or initialized at runtime are stored.

Question 23

three memory segments

Answer 23

text (code) segment
stack segment
heap segment

Question 24

recursion

Answer 24

a function that calls itself.

Question 25

static variable

Answer 25

A variable with static storage duration has a permanent storage location. It retains its value throughout the execution of the program. Only accessible from the code in the file it was declared.

Question 26

global variable

Answer 26

These variables can be accessed (ie known) by any function comprising the program.

Question 27

printf()

Answer 27

a function that accepts a string argument. can take literal string called Format string by surrounding text in double quotes.

Question 28

printf() tokens

Answer 28

``` token values inside string are replaced with values by variables at end of string. %i or %d int %c char %f float %lf double %s string %lo octal %lx hexadecimal %e scientific notation %p pointer ```

Question 29

modulus operator %

Answer 29

Like / but returns the remainder instead of the quotient.

Question 30

cast operator

Answer 30

is the type you want placed in parentheses to the left of the variable you want converted. example: converts int into a float (float)3

Question 31

increment operator

Answer 31

x++

Question 32

decrement operator

Answer 32

x--

Question 33

increment operator shorthand

Answer 33

x += 5; // x = 10 | -=, *=, /=, and %=

Question 34

integer

Answer 34

a number without a decimal point. A whole number.

Question 35

NSInteger, NSIUinteger

Answer 35

Apple created to integer types that are 32-bit on 32-bit platforms and 64-bit on 64-bit platforms. They are the same as long and unsigned long.

Question 38

break loop

Answer 38

sometimes its nesecary to break out of a loop. break;

Question 39

continue loop

Answer 39

someimes its nesecary to forget this and start next run. example: if (i % 3 == 0) { continue; }

Question 40

dereferencing the pointer

Answer 40

reading data at the address of the pointer.

Question 41

sizeof()

Answer 41

Allows a program to determine how much memory is required by a particular type sizeof(int)

Question 42

modf()

Answer 42

modf takes a double and saves both the integer and the fraction. It returns the fractional part and saves the int to an address. fractionPart = modf(pi, &integerPart);

Question 43

pass-by-reference

Answer 43

you supply an address and you put a number there.

Question 44

malloc()

Answer 44

You claim buffer memory using malloc() from the region of memory known as the heap. When done using the buffer you use function free() float *startOfBuffer; startOfBuffer = malloc(1000 * sizeof(float));

Question 45

while loop

Answer 45

``` int i = 0; while (i < 12) { printf("%d. Aaron is Cool\n", i); i++; } ```

Question 46

for loop

Answer 46

for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { printf("%d. Aaron is Cool\n", i); }