Section VII Flashcards
(44 cards)
North-South Gap
Difference in relative power among global North and global South states
Less Developed/Developing Countries
The world’s poorest region (the global South) where most people live
Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)
States in the Global South that have achieved self-sustaining capital accumulation, with impressive economic growth. The most successful are the four tigers or four dragons of East Asia
GNP
Gross national product, the total value of goods and services produced by a country during one year
GNP per Capita
A measure of a country’s total income divided by its population
Income Distribution
How the total income in a society is shared among its members
Basic Human Needs
The fundamental needs of people for adequate food, shelter, health care, sanitation, and education. Meeting such needs may be thought of as both a moral imperative and a form of investment in “human capital” essential for economic growth
Malnutrition/Malnourishment/Undernourishment
A lack of needed foods including protein and vitamins, about 3 million children die each year from malnutrition-related causes
Subsistence Farming
Rural communities growing food mainly for their own consumption rather than for sale in local or world markets
Cash Crop
Agricultural goods produced as commodities for export to world markets
Land Reform
Policies that aim to break up large landholdings and redistribute land to poor peasants for use in subsistence farming
Urbanization
A shift of population from the countryside to the cities that typically accompanies economic development and is augmented by displacement of peasants from subsistence farming
Migration
Movement between states, usually emigration from the old state and immigration to the new state
Refugee
People fleeing their countries to find refuge from war, natural disaster, or political persecution. International law distinguishes them from migrants
Remittance
Money sent home by migrant workers to individuals (usually relatives) in their country of origin
Human Trafficking
The unlawful act of transporting or coercing people in order to benefit from their work or service, typically in the form of forced labor or sexual exploitation
Imperialism
The acquisition of colonies by conquest or otherwise
Neocolonialism
The continuation, in a former colony, of colonial exploitation without formal political control.
Dependency
A situation where a state’s economic and/or political system is heavily influenced or controlled by another state, often a more powerful one
Development
The process of addressing inequalities and improving the quality of life in developing countries, often through efforts like international aid and development cooperation
Capital Accumulation
The process of accumulating wealth and investment, primarily by individuals and businesses, with the goal of expanding their economic activities and potentially increasing their power and influence on a global scale
Capitalism
An economic system where private individuals or businesses own and control the means of production (like land, factories, and resources) and use them to generate profit
Socialism
An economic and political system characterized by social ownership of the means of production, meaning that resources and industries are owned and controlled by the public or the state, rather than by individuals or private companies
Import Subsitution
A strategy of developing local industries, often conducted behind protectionist barriers, to produce items that a country had been importing
