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Histopathology Lecture > Sectioning > Flashcards

Sectioning Flashcards

1
Q

a process whereby tissues are cut into
uniformly thin slices or sections with the aid of a
machine

A

SECTIONING

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2
Q

tissue blocks cut using rocking & rotary
microtome.

A

Paraffin Section

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3
Q

tissues which are usually cut using sliding
microtome

A

Celloidin Section

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4
Q

may be cut from tissues
that have been fixed and frozen w/ CO2 or
for fresh/fixed tissues frozen w/ Cryostat

A

Frozen Sections

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5
Q

Size for Paraffin sections:

A

4-6 um

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6
Q

Size for Celloidin sections:

A

10-15um

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7
Q

Size for Frozen sections (cryostat):

A

4 um

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8
Q

where the tissue block is
held in position; Part that holds a tissue block

A

Block holder/CHUCK

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9
Q

used for actual tissue cutting;
(now: disposable blades); important parts

A

Knife carrier & knife

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10
Q

part that we move mechanically to
start the cutting process

A

Rotating wheel

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11
Q

used to line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife

A

Pawl, ratchet feedwheel & adjustment screw

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12
Q

Invented by Trefall; most simple

A

Rocking Microtome

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13
Q

Thickness of sections for Rocking Microtome

A

10-12 um

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14
Q

Purpose of Rocking microtome

A

prepare serial section of large paraffin blocks

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15
Q

DISADVANTAGE of Rocking Microtome

A

difficulty in re-orienting the block

restriction in the size of the block that
can be cut

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16
Q

Most common microtome; Invented by Minot

A

Rotary microtome

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17
Q

Size of sections Rotary Microtome

A

4-6 u

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18
Q

Purpose of rotary microtome

A

used to cut paraffin embedded
tissues

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19
Q

Invented by Adams; most dangerous – due to
exposed knife

A

Sliding Microtome

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20
Q

Thickness of sections in Sliding microtome

A

7-9 u

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21
Q

Purpose of sliding microtome

A

cut celloiding embedded

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22
Q

Two types of sliding microtome

A

Base sledge and Standard sliding

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23
Q

less dangerous because the
moveable type is the block holder and the one that
remains stationary is the knife.

A

Base Sledge

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24
Q

more dangerous; the one that is
fixed is the black holder and the moveable part is the
knife.

A

Standard sliding

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25
Q

Purpose of ultrathin microtome

A

cutting tissues of Electron Microscopy

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26
Q

Thickness of Sections in Ultrathin

A

0.5 u

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27
Q

Tissues are usually embedded in plastic type of mirotome

A

ultrathin microtome

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28
Q

usually prepared for rapid
diagnosis (when patients are still in
the OR)

A

Frozen sections

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29
Q

Uses rotary microtome

A

PARAFFIN SECTIONS

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30
Q

Sliding microtome are generally used for

A

celloidin sections

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31
Q

need a freezing microtome

A

Cold Knife Procedure

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32
Q

Invented by queckette

A

Freezing microtome

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33
Q

Uses intermittent burst of carbon dioxide to
freeze the block holder and tissue, also

With a second cooling device for lowering
temperature of knife

A

Freezing microtome

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34
Q

Thickness of sections freezing microtome

A

10-15 um

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35
Q

Purpose of freezing microtome

A

demonstration of fats and other neurological structures

used to cut tissues with heat sensitive structures.

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36
Q

uses freezing agent (Carbon dioxide [CO2] to
immediately harden fresh tissues to facilitate immediate cutting)

A

Freezing microtome

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37
Q

refrigerated apparatus- a microtome that is
enclosed in a cold chamber (rotary microtome)

A

Cryostat or Cold microtome

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38
Q

Cryostat or Cold:

fresh tissue microtomy is refrigerated at

A

-5 to -30 °C average is: -20 °C

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39
Q

remove the wax that surrounds the
tissue

A

DEPARAFFINIZATION

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40
Q

process of removing excess paraffin wax from tissues once properly fixed on the slide prior to staining

A

Deparaffinization

41
Q

METHODS of DEPARAFFINIZATION

A

Passing the slide over a flame using alcohol lamp
Immersion of slides in xylene
Placing the slides inside the over (55-60 °C)

42
Q

Microtome Knives:
25mm long
one side of the knife is flat: celloidin section
concave: cutting paraffin embedded tissues

A

Plane Concave

43
Q

120mm long

both sides are concave and used to cut
paraffin embedded tissues

A

Biconcave

44
Q

usually 100mm long
both sides of the knife are flat; used to cut
frozen sections, extremely hard or tough tissue

A

Plane Wedge

45
Q

angle formed between the cutting
edges; 27-32 degrees

A

Bevel angle

46
Q

– angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting edge of the knife;

A

Clearance angle/Tilt angle/Inclination angle

47
Q

Clearance angle/Tilt angle/Inclination angle:

A

0-15 degrees

48
Q

angle formed by the sides of the wedge knife; 14-15 degrees

A

Wedge angle

49
Q

angle to prevent uneven sections/section that are alternately thin/thick

A

5-10 degrees

50
Q

used for cutting today instead of microtome knives; 2-4 u

A

DISPOSABLE BLADES

51
Q

semi-thin section for Electron Microscopy

A

GLASS KNIVES

52
Q

utilized for electron microscopy

A

DIAMOND KNIVES

53
Q

Blunt/Dull

polish & sharpen the cutting edge &
to remove BURRS and other irregularities formed
during honing

A

STROPPING

54
Q

removing gross nicks; grinding the cutting edge

A

HONING

55
Q

HONES/OIL STONES:

usually gives the best result

A

Belgium yellow

56
Q

HONES/OIL STONES:
has a more polishing effect than belgium yellow

A

Arkansas

57
Q

HONES/OIL STONES:

for badly nicked knives; with a much coarser bite

A

Fine Carborundum

58
Q

Honing movement

A

HEEL to TOE MOVEMENT, edge first

59
Q

number of strokes depends on the knicks of
the knife); required number of strokes

A

20-30 strokes (minimum)

60
Q

Lubricants of honing

A

Soapy water
Mineral oil
Clove oil
Xylene or liquid paraffin

61
Q

Purpose of Stropping

A

process of polishing and sharpening the cutting edge polish & sharpen the cutting edge

remove BURRS and other irregularities formed during honing

62
Q

Materials for stropping:

A

LEATHER STROP/ HORSE LEATHER

63
Q

Procedure stropping

A

TOE to HEEL MOVEMENT; edge last

64
Q

Requirement of STROKES required for stropping

A

40-120 double strokes
(minimum) [you can do beyond 120 depending
on the condition of the knives]

65
Q

True or False:

Stropping does not require lubricant

A

True

66
Q

Treated with oil prior to use

A

Strops are usually

67
Q

What blisters and destroys the leather

A

mineral oil

68
Q

may be carried out without prior honing
must be done after the process of honing

A

Stropping

69
Q

will not require honing and stropping

A

Disposable blades

70
Q

will require honing and stropping

A

Microtome knives

71
Q

IN CASE HORSE LEATHER AND OIL STONES IS NOT AVAILABLE:

A

Glass Plates; abrasive, honing
Diamantine; stropping

72
Q

with finely powdered aluminum oxide
made into paste with water; used as abrasive;
HONING

A

Glass Plates

73
Q

to be used for final polishing; STROPPING

A

Diamantine-

74
Q

Thin slices of tissues

A

Ribbons

75
Q

remove wrinkles, it is placed ____________; thermostatically controlled bath used to remove
wrinkles/folds & to flatten the ribbon

A

Floatation Water Bath

76
Q

remove wrinkles/folds and to flatten the ribbon

A

Float out bath

77
Q

Float Out Bath Temperature: ___ lower than the wax melting point or between

A

5-10 degrees

78
Q

Float Out Bath Temperature ________

A

45 to 50 degrees celcius

79
Q

Paraffin oven: keep wax melted with temp of

A

2-5 degrees

80
Q

Paraffin oven: higher than the wax melting point ____

A

55 to 56 degrees celcius

81
Q

removal of ribbons from the float out bath / process of removing ribbons from the float out bath

A

Fishing out

82
Q

process of placing ribbon in a precise position

A

Orientation

83
Q

To promote attachment, to prevent detachment of ribbons from slide

A

Adhesive

84
Q

Drying of Slides: Leaving slides in ____ incubator overnight

A

37 °C

85
Q

Drying of Slides: Placing an oven

A

50-60 °C (2 hours)

86
Q

Drying of Slides: using a hot plate

A

45-55 °C (30-45 minutes)

87
Q

promote attachment to prevent detachment

A

Adhesives

88
Q

routine tissue adhesive (equal amount s of egg white and glycerin + thymol crystals to prevent growth of molds

A

Mayer’s egg albumin

89
Q

prevent growth of molds

A

thymol crystals

90
Q

adhesive recommended in immunohistochemistry

A

Poly-L-Lysine

91
Q

used for cytology

A

APES - 3-aminopropylthriethoxysilane)

92
Q

commercial syrup 1:10 dilution With
strong adhesive property

A

Sodium silicate

93
Q

required: freezing microtome; use of
freezing agent to immediately harden fresh tissues
for immediate cutting.

A

Cold knife

94
Q

point in which section may be cut
at 10 um

A

Dew Line

95
Q

Methods of freezing

A

Liquid nitrogen: used in histochemistry and most
rapid

Isopentane: cooled by liquid nitrogen– liquid at room
temperature

Aerosol sprays (cryokwik)

Carbon dioxide gas: often used when using a
freezing microtome

Dry ice

Freon 2.2– high thermal conductivity

96
Q

used in histochemistry and most rapid

A

Liquid nitrogen

97
Q

cooled by liquid nitrogen– liquid at room
temperature

A

Isopentane

98
Q

used in histochemistry and most
rapid freezing

A

Liquid nitrogen

99
Q

often used when using a freezing microtome

A

Carbon dioxide

Histopathology Lecture (5 decks)

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