Sections I Flashcards
(33 cards)
Corpus Callosum
_______: spatial awareness, non-verbal communication
_______: fine detail, logical analysis, verbal/symbolic communication
- Band of axons that connect the two cerebral hemispheres.
- Communication between _____3.
- Larger in women due to better at dual tasking
- Unifies the areas of emphasis in the two dies of the brain (laterality)
- No function is completely housed in either hemisphere
1) Right hemisphere
2) Left hemisphere
3) the two halves of the brain
Insula
- cingulate gyrus + medial temporal lobe =____ 4
- located deep in the lateral sulcus
- very complex connections
- responsive for balance between external environment and internal homeostasis
- Integrates different dimensions of pain
- Contains the gustatory taste cortex
- Representation of self = ______1
Injury
- Lesion
- Depends upon site of lesion
- Right insula may result ____2
- Altered activity
Often affects eating and abdominal distress
Feelings of digust
Contributes to _____3
1) distinguishes yourself from others
2) in anosognosia (unaware or denial of illness)
3) anorexia nervosa
4) limbic lobe
PIVC (Parietoinsular Vestibular Cortex)
Includes posterior insula and adjacent parietal cortex
- Vestibular sensations is the only sensation that does not have a primary sensory cortex
- Neurons respond to ____1
Vestibular
Visual
Somatosensory
PIVC is a core area within a _____2
Mediates perception of body motion and verticality
Dominant in the non-dominant sensorimotor hemisphere
Integrates input from the other hemisphere via callosal fibers to inform a single perception of body position and movement.
R hemisphere controls ____3
L hemisphere controls ___ 4
1) multisensory information regarding motion
2) large network of areas for processing of vestibular information
3) R hand
4) L hand
PIVC Dysfunctions
- Deficits in ____1
- Deficits in ____2
- Imparied perception of vertical
- Vertigo (rare)
- Lateropulsion
1) spatial orientaiton and spatial memory
2) attention and postural control
Cingulate gyrus
- Limbic
- Emotional processing _____1
- ANS regulation _____ 2
- Attention and sustained concentration (filters out irrelevant stimuli)
- Involved in_____3
- Involved in affective dimesion of pain (unpleasantess)
- Involved in suppressing urinary urgency
- Aplifies activity in one preception over another
- Goal directed behavior
- Strong connections with PFC, nucleus accumbens, amygdaia, hippocamus and periaqueductal gray in midbrain
1) (empathy, affection, attachment)
2) that modifies behavior
3) pain suppression and placebo effect
CIngulate gryus filters out irrelevant simtuli and attending to relevant stimuli assists in the detection of?
Errors and sources of conflict
Cingulate gryus injury -
1______
apathetic
unconcered when important events happen
difficulting with attention
2_____
3_______
urinary incontience
1) Depression, loss of empathy
2) Altered pain perception
3) Anterograde amenisa
Frontal Lobe
- Anterior to the central sulcus
- Primary motor cortex on precentral and anterior paracentral gryi
- Premotor cortex
Broca’s Motor/Expressive speech/Language area is usually?
Left hemisphere
or
Area analogous/corresponding to Broca’s usually right hemipshere
-PFC
Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex
- Surface of precentral gryus = Trunk, UE and Face respresented here
- Surface of the anterior paracentral gyrus = LE here
Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex
Primary origin of which tracts?
Corticospinal tract
Corticobrainstem tract
-UMN somas
Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex
-Execution of voluntary movement called?
Fractionation - movement of fine motor
Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex Injury
Contralateral paresis/paralysis with loss of?
Fractionation
-Especially pronouned distal limb (thumb/fingers) and lower face for facial expression
Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex Injury
Typically?
Spasticity
-May include spatic dysarthria
Frontal Lobe - Premotor Cortex
Some corticospinal tract neurons start here
- Anterior corticospinal neurons
- UMN somas for trunk and proximal girdle muscles
Frontal Lobe - Premotor Cortex
Initiation of movements diected at?
External stimuli
-Activity increases prior to movment
Frontal Lobe - Premotor Cortex Injury
Isolated injury unlikey
- Impaired voluntary____?
- Impaired sequential movements
- Proximal limb weakness
- Impaired axial motor control (gait, reaching)
- Works with supplementary motor area in planning movement - apraxi
Motor control
Frontal Lobe - Supplementary motor area
-What is collaboration between frontal lobe (goal-directed behavior), somatosensory and parietotemporal association cortices (location of body in space), basal nuclei, cerebellum and SMA?
Motor planning
Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area
-Especially important for internally directed 2-handed?
Complex movements
Ex: Playing the panio
Supplementary Motor Area
Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area
- Motor memory - stores motor programs
- Directs activity of the primary motor and premotor cortex
- Movement initiation
- Inhibition of ?
grasp reflex
Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury
- 1) Resumption of?
- 2) Large area of damage to sensorimotor regions can result in?
1) Grasp reflex
2) Motor perseveration - repeats motor movement (ex: unlock/lock w/c breaks)
Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury
- Apraxia
- Motor planning deficit
- The inability to perform tasks when asked despite intact sensation, muscle function, coordination and understanding of the ?
- task
- Breakdown in sensory-motor integration
Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury
- Several different types of apraxia
- Most forms are more prominent or severe with?
left-sided lesions
