Sedatives- Hypnotics Flashcards
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate
Long acting
Anticonvulsant
Pentobarbital
Barbiturate
Secobarbital
Barbiturate
Thiopental
Barbiturate
Very short acting
Induction of anesthesia
Diazepam
Benzodiazepines: anti anxiety (Valium) - long duration , active metabolites (nordiazepam).
Muscle relaxant: local m. trauma, adjunct in chronic spasticity
Anti-convulsant- GABA agonist. IV DOC for status epilepticus
Acute alcohol withdrawal tx
Preg Cat D
Chlordiazepoxide
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety.
Long duration of action, active metabolites (nordiazepam)
Acute alcohol withdrawal tx (DOC for DT prevention)
Alprazolam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety (Xanax)
Intermediate duration
Use in anxiety + depression
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Intermediate duration, directly conjugated
Anticonvulsant- GABA agonist, IV DOC for status epilepticus
Acute alcohol withdrawal tx
Preg Cat. D
Oxazepam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety.
Intermediate duration.
Acute alcohol tx: use if liver damage present
Chlorazepate
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety Active metabolite (nordiazepam)
Clonazepam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Active metabolite (nordiazepam)
Anti-convulsant - GABA agonist, IV DOC for status epilepticus
Preg Cat. D
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Very short acting
Sedation Anesthesia Amnesia
Flurazepam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Very long-acting- drug hangover
For early awakening insomnia
Estazolam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Temazepam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety. For insomnia
Triazolam
Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety. Short acting, for insomnia (trouble falling asleep), psychosis if chronic. Rebound insomnia.
Flumazemil
Benzodiazepine antagonist. Administer very slowly, IV/3min. Reverse Midazolam. Also reverses effect of -zolpidem, -zaleplom, eszopiclone. Withdrawal and seizures in BDZ, barbiturate, EtOH dependent pt, epilepsy or TCA od.
Nordiazepam
= Desmethyldiazepam. Active metabolite of Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Prazepam, Chlorazepate. Long duration of action.
Zolpidem
BZ1 receptor benzo
short term insomnia tx
very rapid action (blackout),1/2 dose in women, sleep-eating/driving
Zaleplon
BZ1 receptor benzo - sedative
short term tx for insomnia
very rapid action (blackout), 1/2 dose in women, sleep-eating/driving
Eszopiclone
Sedative - less selective for BZ1
long-term tx of insomnia
long T1/2 (morning impairement), rebound insomnia (chronic use)
Buspirone
Anti-anxiolytic & partial agonist a 5HT1a - some antidepressant action
For anxiety, PMS, autism, recovering addicts/alcoholics (but not for withdrawal)
No sedation or memory impairement, takes 2-3wk to start working
Chloral Hydrate
Sedative -
low margin of safety, used in nursing homes
Propanolol
B-blocker
Performance anxiety, stage fright
