Seeds

Question 1

Seed coat

Answer 1

The outer protective layer of the seed, serves as a barrier to prevent water loss, mechanical damage, and pathogen entry

Question 2

Layers of seed coat

Answer 2

Testa and tegmen

Question 3

The thick outer layer of a seed coat

Answer 3

Testa

Question 4

The delicate inner layer of a seed coat

Answer 4

Tegmen

Question 5

Hilum

Answer 5

a scar or mark on the seed coat where the seed was attached to the ovary wall of the parent plant

Question 6

Micropyle

Answer 6

A tiny opening in the seed coat, located near the hilim, through which wager can enter the seed during germination

Question 7

The site where the pollen tube enters during fertilization in some plants

Answer 7

Micropyle

Question 8

Endosperm

Answer 8

a vital tissue found inside the seed, and its primary function is to provide nutrition to the developing embryo during germination

Question 9

Endosperm is formed during?

Answer 9

It is formed during fertilization process and plays a critical role in seed development

Question 10

Embryo

Answer 10

the young plant that is developing inside the seed coat

Question 11

Epicotyl

Answer 11

the tiny shoot of an embryo, from which the entire shoot system develops.

Question 12

The tip of the epicotyl is called?

Answer 12

Plumule

Question 13

Hypocotyl

Answer 13

The stage of transition for the growing shoot and root of the embryo

Question 14

Radicle

Answer 14

Tiny root of the embryo

Question 15

Cotyledons

Answer 15

They are the leaves of the embryo that provide nourishment to the developing plant

Question 16

What are the types of germination?

Answer 16

Epigeal germination and Hypogeal germination

Question 17

Epigeal germination

Answer 17

The cotyledons emerge above the soil surface

Question 18

Process of Epigeal germination

Answer 18

• Water absorption makes the seed swell, cracking the seed coat
• The elongating hypocotyl lifts the cotyledon above the soil
• The cotyledons open, and true leaves develop

Question 19

Hypogeal germination

Answer 19

The cotyledons remain below the soil surface

Question 20

Hypogeal germination process

Answer 20

• Water absorption causes the radicle to grow downward, anchoring the seedling
• The epicotyl elongates, pushing the shoot upward, while cotyledons stay underground
• True leaves emerge above ground, with cotyledons providing nourishment

Question 21

Seed dispersal

Answer 21

The process by which seeds are transported from their parent plant to new locations, which helps reduce competition, colonize new areas, and promote genetic diversity

Question 22

Types of seed dispersal

Answer 22

Wind, animal, water, gravity, explosive, human-mediated

Question 23

Wind dispersal

Answer 23

Lightweight seeds with structures like hair or tufts carried by the wind to new locations

Question 24

Animal dispersal

Answer 24

Seeds attach to animal fur or are ingested and later excreted, spreading to distant areas

Question 25

Water dispersal

Answer 25

Seeds float on water to reach new places

Question 26

Gravity dispersal

Answer 26

Heavy seeds simply fall and spread near the parent plant due to gravity

Question 27

Explosive dispersal

Answer 27

Seeds are ejected forcefully from the parent plant when the seed pod bursts open

Question 28

Human-mediated dispersal

Answer 28

Humans unintentionally transport seeds through activities like farming or travel