Segregation Flashcards
(23 cards)
Give an example of blacks supporting segregation
Teachers in Atlanta 1875 resist integrated schools
What is Rabinowitz’s key argument?
Segregation is supported by blacks as a preferable alternative to exclusion and the lynch mob that preceded it
How did the nature of disenfranchisement change according to Perman?
1880s-1890s: de facto disenfranchisement, manipulated by election laws, violence and corrupt election officials
1890s- : De Jure disenfranchisement, vote eliminated by constitutional means, all southern states except Georgia (1905) have done this by start of 20thC
Give two means of pressure used to stop blacks voting
Economic pressure from employers, political violence
What disenfranchisement measures are introduced in the 1890s?
Poll taxes, secret ballots
Where and when is the first ‘separate but equal’ legislation introduced?
Tennessee Railroads 1887-1889
When is Plessy vs Ferguson?
1896
What is Hale’s argument about consumption?
Remains area very difficult to segregate as money retains value regardless of race
Who argues for the construction of racial categories as a means of undercutting class and gender?
Grace Hale
Who, when and where were the readjusters
Dominant political part in Virginia 1879-1883, stress class solidarity over the racial leading to famous 1889 victory in governor elections
When and how did Democrats regain political dominance in Virginia?
1883 election campaign ran on racial lines - links black political power to sexual power - election of two black men to local school board becomes painted as miscegenation panic
Who was a popular advocate of Social Darwinism?
Herbert Spencer
In which election did democrats make the protection of white women a central feature?
1898
Give an example of the growing presence of women in the public sphere during this period?
Daughters of the Confederacy - effective at lobbying
How many were lynched in south between 1880-1930?
723 whites, 3,220 blacks
What does Ayers argue causes a growth in lynching during the 1880s and 1890s?
Black migration and disruption of local hierarchies
What are the main purposes of lynching?
Labour control and structuring - ensure black subordination
Bulwark to disenfranchisement
Suppression of black resistance
Creation of white solidarity - seen as community-in-action against dehumanised threat
Discuss lynching of Henry Smith
1893 - specially chartered execution train, souvenirs (inc body parts) sold in local shops, publicised in newspapers and radio
Idea of black bodies as a white consumer object
Why is the Leo Frank case significant?
1913 - Frank is prosecuted and lynched for murder over black suspect Jim Conley
Maclean argues Frank is a figurehead of Northern style capitalist business model giving women more opportunity - threatening to southern gender order
Name to key groups in reducing lynching, what movement can they be linked to?
NAACP, Southern Women for prevention of Lynching
Linked to progressivist movement
When does Wells organise direct action against lynching?
Memphis Streetcar Boycott 1892
Give an example of federal investigation of lynching
Cleo Wright investigation 1942
Give two instances of violent balaclava resistance to lynching
Kemper County 1888
McIntosh, Georgia 1899, protection of black prisoners, ring bell of local church to draw crowds
