self awareness: me, myself and i

Question 1

who proposed the 3 types of self?

Answer 1

Tafjel and Turner

Question 2

what are the three types of self?

Answer 2

individual
relationship
collective

Question 3

what is the individual self?

Answer 3

personal traits which distinguish you from others

Question 4

what is the relationship self?

Answer 4

dyadic (2 person) relationships which relate you to others

Question 5

what is the collective self?

Answer 5

group membership

Question 6

what is self awareness?

Answer 6

psychological state unique to humans, understand that you are an individual

Question 7

what happened in Gallup’s mirror test?

Answer 7

was used to see if infants/animals have self awareness
show a child themselves in a mirror
subtly put a bright mark on their face
see if they touch the mirror or themself- this shows if they are self aware or not

Question 8

what is the difference between private and public self?

Answer 8

private= thoughts, feelings and attitudes
public= social image, can be seen and evaluated by others

Question 9

who proposed public and private self?

Answer 9

Carver and Scheier

Question 10

what is chronic self awareness?

Answer 10

where a person is constantly aware

Question 11

what does chronic self awareness result in?

Answer 11

avoidance behaviour, such as drinking and drugs

Question 12

what are two types of chronic self awareness?

Answer 12

heightened private
heightened public

Question 13

what is heightened private self awareness?

Answer 13

-more intense emotion
-accurate self perception
-adhere to personal beliefs
-less stress related illness but can lead to depression

Question 14

what is heightened public self awareness?

Answer 14

-nervous
-lack of self esteem
-adhere to group norms to avoid embarassment
-concern with physical appearance

Question 15

what is reduced self awareness?

Answer 15

don’t monitor own behaviour so act impulsively and recklessly

Question 16

what can reduced self awareness result in?

Answer 16

deindividuation

Question 17

how can mindfulness help with self awareness?

Answer 17

means paying attention in the present, non judgementally

Question 18

what are self schemas?

Answer 18

how we act/think/behave/feel

Question 19

what is self schematic vs aschematic?

Answer 19

self schematic= important part of self concept
aschematic= less important part of self concept

Question 20

which two theories state how our self schemas should be?

Answer 20

Control Theory of Self Regulation
Self Discrepancy Theory

Question 21

who proposed Control Theory of Self Regulation?

Answer 21

Carver and Scheier

Question 22

who proposed Self Discrepancy Theory?

Answer 22

Higgins

Question 23

what is Control Theory of Self Regulation?

Answer 23

self awareness should assess whether goals are met
according to public and private standards
looks at desires vs higher order goals

Question 24

what is Self Discrepancy theory?

Answer 24

look at our actual (how we are at present), our ideal (how we would like to be) and ought (how we should be)
this motivates change
if we fail to become our ideal= dejection
if we fail to become our ought= agitation

Question 25

which two theories state how other individuals mean self schemas develop?

Answer 25

Social Comparison Theory Self Evaluation Maintenance

Question 26

who proposed Social Comparison Theory?

Answer 26

Festinger

Question 27

who proposed self evaluation maintenance?

Answer 27

Tesser

Question 28

what is Social Comparison Theory?

Answer 28

compare to similar people generally downward comparison (generally compare to others doing worse than you)

Question 29

what is Self Evaluation Maintenance?

Answer 29

upward social comparison to make ourselves feel better may... -exaggerate target's ability -change target -distance self from target -devalue comparison dimension

Question 30

which two theories suggest how self schemas develop according to other groups?

Answer 30

Social Identity Theory Self Categorisation Theory

Question 31

who proposed Social Identity Theory?

Answer 31

Tajfel and Turner

Question 32

who proposed Self Categorisation Theory?

Answer 32

Turner et al

Question 33

what is Social Identity Theory?

Answer 33

personal identity= our unique personal attributes, relationships and traits social identity= look at our group membership and inter-group behaviour

Question 34

what is Self Categorisation Theory?

Answer 34

self categorise to groups> internalise these attributes> focus on the collective self> becomes social identity BIRGing= basking in reflected glory- claim we are part of the group's success even without much effort if group categorisation becomes too extreme, perception can become depersonalised

Question 35

what are our three self motives?

Answer 35

self assessment self verification self enhancement

Question 36

what is self assessment?

Answer 36

our desire for accurate and valid information, seek to know the truth about ourself

Question 37

what is self verification?

Answer 37

desire to confirm what we know, seek out consistency about ourself

Question 38

what is self enhancement?

Answer 38

desire to maintain good image and speak favourably about ourself

Question 39

what is self affirmation theory?

Answer 39

individuals attempt to maintain a global perception of themselves as positive

Question 40

what is self serving attribution bias?

Answer 40

attribute positive events/successes to ourselves, but blame negative results on external factors

Question 41

what did Medvec find out about social comparison?

Answer 41

bronze medalists are more likely to be happy than silver medalists, as their expectations are lower, compare to those without a medal etc

Question 42

what are the two types of cultures?

Answer 42

individualist and collectivist

Question 43

what type of self does an individualist culture encourage?

Answer 43

independent

Question 44

what type of self does a collectivist culture encourage?

Answer 44

interdependent self

Question 45

what are characteristics of the independent self?

Answer 45

autonomous individual focus on internal thoughts and feelings unitary and stable across situations act according to own beliefs and celebrate differences

Question 46

what are characteristics of the interdependent self?

Answer 46

connected with others self based on roles and relationships fluid self- changes across situations promote group behaviour and try to fit in