Self Tests Flashcards by Amber Heider

The proper biblical description of the gospel of Jesus Christ being “relevant” involves…

1
studying a culture to know how to fit Jesus into its understanding.
2
making Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection agreeable to culture.
3
showing how people’s lives are to fit the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
4
showing how ideas from culture help us understand the life of Jesus.

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Much of Christianity in Western cultures has replaced the true gospel message of Jesus Christ with one that…

1
is respectable and wants the church to have a winning outcome in history.
2
wants to transform people from this world into the church.
3
seeks to make disciples no matter what the cost.
4
realizes the church is how God has chosen to make His will known in the world.

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According to Rieger, many Christians in Western nations cannot understand the lordship of Jesus because…

1
they have not had enough opportunities to travel to underdeveloped nations.
2
the idea of lordship was eradicated from Western cultures centuries ago.
3
lordship has a negative meaning due to the Western desire for equality.
4
Western empires are largely invisible, and the power within them goes unseen

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A biblically based Christology begins with an emphasis on…

1
stories to accommodate how people best fit God into their lives.
2
God as the subject who carries out His salvation in and through history.
3
church doctrine about Christ that makes sense of Jesus’ death and resurrection.
4
philosophy to teach people how to accommodate Jesus to their thinking.

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One who truly regards Jesus Christ as Lord will…

1
read his or her cultural ideologies back into Scripture.
2
allow Scripture to critique his or her cultural biases.
3
view Scripture as the way God has shown all religions to have His Spirit, even partially.
4
view Scripture as the only way in which God speaks to us today.

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Thomas Kuhn described a paradigm as…

1
an invisible thought structure that determines how one sees all reality.
2
the acceptance of new discoveries no matter what the results might be.
3
the known criteria that all people use to discern the truth of new data.
4
an entity that is always changing due to people’s willingness to reject old ideas.

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The most important reason Christians should study their own culture is so…

1
they can appreciate the good qualities all people in their culture possess.
2
their hope for the culture can be strengthened.
3
they can see the effect of their own culture on their view of the gospel.
4
they can better accommodate the gospel to their culture.

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The writers of the Synoptic Gospels portrayed Jesus’ life as close as possible to the chronological narrative so…

1
there would be no dispute whether or not He rose from the dead.
2
they would all be in agreement and equally reliable.
3
Jesus’ life would confront the reader much like it did the people while He was living.
4
their narratives would later qualify for inclusion in the New Testament canon.

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The term oikonomia is defined as…

1
the “house of God.”
2
the Immanent Trinity, how God exists as eternally three persons.
3
the relationship Jesus had with the Father from all eternity.
4
God’s plan of salvation revealed chronologically throughout history.

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A feature of a biblical narrative approach to Christology that is often neglected is that…

1
Jesus’ resurrection and ascension as Lord over all is verified only by God’s Spirit.
2
Jesus’ identity is established by His eternal life with the Father.
3
Christ is God’s Son through being fully divine while incarnated in Jesus.
4
people’s ability to know God by confessing Jesus as Lord is assumed from the start.

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The early Christian creeds, such as the Apostles’ Creed, corresponded to the biblical text by…

1
listing the categories in which God is to be placed.
2
stating belief in God in the order of Father, Son, and Spirit.
3
beginning with God as a substance, then as Father, Son, and Spirit.
4
stating that Scripture is true before listing beliefs in Father, Son, and Spirit.

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The Greek philosophical split between the spiritual and material worlds caused church fathers such as Irenaeus and Justin Martyr to…

1
hold to one view of the Logos as the biblical way to combat the split.
2
see the person of Jesus as the only way to know the one Logos of God.
3
hold to two Logos of God, one eternal and one incarnate in Jesus.
4
deny that the Logos was ever incarnated in the person of Jesus.

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Docetism comes from the Greek word dokein, which means “to…

1
represent.”
2
reflect.”
3
appear.”
4
know.”

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Modalistic Monarchianism is related to “oneness” in its belief that God…

1
is a monad who revealed himself in three successive ways.
2
is one unity of three distinct persons.
3
exists first as one substance and then as three persons.
4
the Father is God alone, with Jesus and the Spirit as lesser “modes” of divinity.

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Who called for the bishops to gather at the Council of Nicaea?

1
Origen
2
Eusebius
3
Arius
4
Constantine

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Arius had taught that Jesus was of…

1
a similar substance as the Father.
2
a different substance as the Father.
3
the same substance as the Father.
4
an unknowable substance like the Father.

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The Alexandrian school of theology’s view of Jesus’ incarnation was that…

1
the incarnation of the Logos was known only through Jesus’ resurrection.
2
Jesus took on all humanity to restore the Logos in all people that was lost at the Fall.
3
it was merely an idea of God that was complete only at Jesus’ baptism.
4
it emphasized the particular life of Jesus of Nazareth as constituting the Logos.

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Athanasius viewed the incarnation of Jesus mainly from a…

1
metaphysical perspective.
2
biblical and historical perspective.
3
soteriological perspective.
4
philosophical perspective.

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Eunomius furthered Arius’ earlier idea by saying that Jesus…

1
did not possess a human soul.
2
became fully divine at His baptism.
3
only appeared to have a human body; it was not real.
4
was generated by the Father and therefore not fully divine.

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According to LaCugna, the Western theological tradition is a method that is…

1
“from above” because it focuses on God’s intra-divine relations.
2
unconcerned with what individuals think about Jesus’ divine nature.
3
based on God’s economy of salvation through the biblical narrative.
4
“from below” because it focuses more on how Jesus lived than on what He was.

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The main issue of Apollinarianism, which led to the Council of Chalcedon, concerned whether…

1
the Son of God, as the Logos of God, had a beginning.
2
Jesus had a rational human soul.
3
Jesus was truly divine.
4
Jesus was a full member of the Trinity.

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One of the most important shifts during the first few centuries of the church was that the church began to…

1
view the Logos as less than God.
2
view the Logos as created by God.
3
regard the Logos as fully God.
4
identify the Logos in Jesus with the Logos in all creation.

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In synthesizing Neoplatonism with the Christian faith, Augustine used Plotinus’ view that…

1
the soul was fallen from the world of Forms into human bodies.
2
a human soul had no connection to God.
3
the soul was nothing more than the human ability to think.
4
a person needed God to replace his or her sinful soul with Christ’s soul.

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Augustine believed the eternal Christ to be…

1
completely incompatible with Greek philosophy.
2
equated with the Wisdom that fulfilled the human quest to know God.
3
known only through the life and death of Jesus.
4
revealed to a person only by the Spirit making Scripture known.

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How did Augustine’s concept of an “inner space” impact the Western understanding of Christ’s person and work? 1 Because of Christ’s eternal nature, each person’s soul was considered to be eternal. 2 It emphasized the significance of Jesus’ life within God’s redemption plan. 3 Christ’s characteristics were seen as substances that were imparted to individuals. 4 It focused on Jesus’ humanity at the expense of His divinity.

Augustine influenced how theology in the West views the Trinity by... 1 equating personhood with the substance of God shared by each Person. 2 keeping the relations of God known only in terms of the salvation plan. 3 equating the three Persons of the Godhead with their roles in Jesus’ life and death. 4 emphasizing the Greek definition of person to explain the relationality of God. Multiple Choice 7 Cyril of Alexandria accused Nestorius of Incorrect 00:00:08 1 keeping both natures of Jesus equal. 2 minimizing the human nature in Jesus. 3 completely separating the two natures in Jesus as if there were two Sons. 4 fusing the two natures of Jesus into only one nature. Multiple Choice 8 The Monophysites basically taught that Jesus Correct 00:00:05 1 had two natures. 2 received His divine nature at His baptism. 3 had one human nature. 4 had one divine nature. Multiple Choice 9 Anselm is credited for developing the theory of atonement described as Correct 00:00:06 1 substitutionary. 2 subjective. 3 classical victorious. 4 reconciling. Multiple Choice 10 Anselm’s theory of the atonement cohered with the church’s diminishing of the Economic Trinity in that it Correct 00:00:07 1 maintained an emphasis on Jesus’ life and death as overcoming evil. 2 saw Jesus’ death as conquering human rebellion. 3 kept an emphasis on the narrative of Scripture for knowing salvation. 4 viewed Christ’s work strictly within God’s intra-divine relations in himself. Multiple Choice

Cyril of Alexandria accused Nestorius of... 1 keeping both natures of Jesus equal. 2 minimizing the human nature in Jesus. 3 completely separating the two natures in Jesus as if there were two Sons. 4 fusing the two natures of Jesus into only one nature.

The Monophysites basically taught that Jesus... 1 had two natures. 2 received His divine nature at His baptism. 3 had one human nature. 4 had one divine nature.

Anselm is credited for developing the theory of atonement described as... 1 substitutionary. 2 subjective. 3 classical victorious. 4 reconciling.

Anselm’s theory of the atonement cohered with the church’s diminishing of the Economic Trinity in that it... 1 maintained an emphasis on Jesus’ life and death as overcoming evil. 2 saw Jesus’ death as conquering human rebellion. 3 kept an emphasis on the narrative of Scripture for knowing salvation. 4 viewed Christ’s work strictly within God’s intra-divine relations in himself.

As a result of Augustine’s view that confined Christ mainly to the Immanent Trinity, a Christian’s spirituality was considered to be... 1 detached from the real world. 2 tied to the political realm of the empire. 3 best expressed through public servanthood. 4 high when the believer was persecuted for living as Jesus lived.

During the Medieval Age, the nature of Jesus’ death on the cross... 1 demonstrated public humiliation as a result of declaring the reign of God. 2 demonstrated how humans are inherently violent and sinful. 3 became more of a public, physical experience. 4 became more of an inward, spiritual experience.

After Constantine’s vision of a cross over a battlefield, Jesus’ cross increasingly became... 1 the Roman soldiers’ execution method for those threatening the Pax Romana. 2 the Jewish leaders’ execution method for those committing blasphemy. 3 a symbol of His salvation for all by taking on the sins of the world. 4 a symbol of God’s cosmic victory over all His enemies, even those of the Roman Empire.

The Roman emperors carried out their function as vicar of the gods in order to... 1 keep the pax Romana. 2 ensure Rome’s world dominance. 3 show compassion. 4 give equal rights to all people everywhere.

Christians in the early church were executed by the Roman government primarily because... 1 they refused to pay taxes to Rome. 2 Rome needed people for their gladiators to kill in the Colosseum. 3 they refused to worship the emperor as a god. 4 they protested Roman slavery by refusing to work.

The Catholic Church legitimized its authority over all earthly rulers by portraying itself as a... 1 partaker in Christ’s suffering and death. 2 monarchy in Christ’s reign over the entire world. 3 community of disciples called to serve the world. 4 kingdom of priests called to sacrifice for earthly rulers.

The Radical Reformation believed Christology should be based on... 1 Jesus’ life and death as the model for a person’s life of discipleship. 2 the atonement theory of forensic justification. 3 formulations of biblical doctrine. 4 the creeds of the Nicene and Chalcedonian councils.

Thomas Aquinas believed a person could know God... 1 only by reading Scripture or by hearing the gospel preached. 2 through the Holy Spirit’s convincing that Jesus was God’s only Son. 3 by observing God’s nature and character within creation and in humanity. 4 by repentance of his or her natural inclination to rely on good works to be saved.

Thomas Aquinas’s view of salvation was based on the image of God being... 1 unknowable. 2 completely lost at the Fall. 3 restored only through Christ’s image of the Father. 4 within all people even after the Fall.

Aquinas’s view of the Trinity furthered the views of... 1 Augustine. 2 Abelard. 3 Anselm. 4 Alexandria.

During the Middle Ages, Christology focused on... 1 Jesus’ death as requiring repentance from all people. 2 the narrative of Scripture as the only means of knowing Christ. 3 the actual events of God’s reconciliation through Jesus Christ. 4 an intellectual, abstract knowledge about Christ.

Because everyone in Europe was a “Christian” through infant baptism, a person’s confession of Christ when he or she became an adult... 1 required a public act of penance. 2 was completely unnecessary. 3 had no public implications and was a private, inward matter. 4 was necessary only for those becoming a monk or a nun.

The most notable feature of Europe’s universities in the Middle Ages was their... 1 desire to teach a unified system of biblical theology. 2 appreciation for diversity and other points of view. 3 pluralism that led to divisive debates and contention between rival schools. 4 apathy toward reaching any kind of certainty about theological truth.

Realism believed that true knowledge of a thing was found in... 1 its appearance. 2 its usage. 3 one’s perception of its appearance. 4 the universal idea that gave it meaning.

The main reason for the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation was the... 1 abusive power of the Roman Empire. 2 lack of biblical preaching by the Catholic priests. 3 Catholic Church’s distorted views of Christ and the abuses that resulted. 4 lack of church growth and progress.

King Henry VIII brought reform to England in that he... 1 became more supportive of the pope in Rome. 2 replaced the pope in Rome with himself as the head of the Anglican Church. 3 brought a complete separation of the church from the English government. 4 instituted large-scale changes in the church’s views of Christ.

Huldrych Zwingli believed faith in Christ would lead a person to... 1 reject the politics of the state in favor of following Christ. 2 engage in the politics of the state since church and state were inseparable. 3 actively work against the politics of the state since it was fallen. 4 work with the fallen politics of the state only when it acted like Christ.

John Calvin was able to maintain the Son’s ontological status with the Father by saying that... 1 Christ’s condescension into human flesh was a loving decision by both Father and Son. 2 Jesus was not fully the Son until His ascension. 3 Jesus temporarily laid down His ontological status as the divine Son. 4 Christ’s human nature was not real; it only appeared to be real.

Because of Calvin’s view of the Old Testament Law, he believed Christ called His followers to... 1 despise their societies. 2 order their societies. 3 seclude themselves from society. 4 allow society to do whatever it wanted.

The idea of a continuity between a person’s Christian faith and knowledge of the natural order of creation is called... 1 specific revelation. 2 ontological uncertainty. 3 foundationalism. 4 nominalism.

In contrast to the Anglican and Reformed traditions, the Lutheran and Anabaptist traditions saw faith in Christ as the... 1 equivalent of obeying the government’s laws. 2 connection of spiritual powers with temporal. 3 reversal of God’s curse. 4 completion of God’s creation.

The basic idea behind the Lutheran doctrine of the two kingdoms is that... 1 God’s kingdom is radically separate from the temporal kingdom. 2 God’s kingdom and the temporal kingdom are closely aligned. 3 a person’s place in God’s kingdom is determined by predestination. 4 good deeds in the temporal kingdom count as righteousness before God.

Martin Luther believed that only faith in Christ avails for righteousness before God because he understood that... 1 the church’s system of buying indulgences was immoral. 2 doctrines about Christ are more trustworthy than a believer’s personal faith. 3 reform could happen only when the church was shown to be evil. 4 righteousness comes only by God’s decree, not from any human ability.

Luther’s view of the cross made scholasticism’s theological speculation... 1 necessary as the only way a person comes to understand Jesus’ death. 2 limited by how it brings people only so far in understanding Jesus as God’s Son. 3 obsolete because Jesus’ death is the only way through which God brings salvation. 4 useful for making sense of Jesus’ death so all rational people could believe.

According to Luther, a person could know the truth of Jesus’ incarnation only through the proof of... 1 theological reasons for God’s existence. 2 Christ’s resurrection from the dead. 3 the two natures doctrine of Christ. 4 the inerrancy of Scripture and its teaching.

Luther referred to the transaction by which God gives Christ to believers as the... 1 magnificent makeover. 2 great recovery. 3 happy exchange. 4 equal exchange.

Anabaptists were primarily known for their belief that... 1 baptism was completely unnecessary for a person’s Christian faith. 2 Christian faith was based on infant baptism. 3 Christian baptism was required only of those converted from other religions. 4 a person should be baptized only after he or she made a public confession of faith as an adult.

The basic element of the Christus Victor type of Christology is the belief that... 1 Jesus won the victory over Satan by His death on a cross. 2 Jesus’ death was primarily to atone for the sins of individuals. 3 Jesus’ life was a moral example for all people to follow. 4 Jesus revealed God’s heart by showing love to the most unlovely.

In its Christology, the Anabaptist tradition placed the greatest emphasis on... 1 speculation about philosophy. 2 the traditions of the church. 3 formal doctrine about Christ. 4 the practical everyday life of believers.

The most prominent Christological line of demarcation among the four major reform traditions was between... 1 Christ as only divine and Christ as only human. 2 theology “from above” with power and theology “from below” with suffering. 3 an intellectual theology and an anti-intellectual theology. 4 a spiritual Christ and an earthly Jesus.

After the Reformation, churches attempted to overcome societies’ “coming apart at the seams” by... 1 doing everything possible to be unified with each other. 2 creating unified systems of theology that could hold all ideas together. 3 attempting to reunite with the Roman Catholic Church. 4 accepting the confusion as what it means to have true faith.

Descartes’s method of knowledge led to the religious movement known as... 1 Mormonism. 2 fundamentalism. 3 Deism. 4 atheism.

Blaise Pascal located the ability for a person to know God in his or her... 1 local church community. 2 hearing the gospel message. 3 heart. 4 thinking self.

Pascal’s method of knowing God led to a form of Christology that was... 1 rational. 2 objective. 3 unknowable. 4 subjective.

Scholars who denied the divinity of Jesus claimed... 1 the church should try harder to prove it. 2 the Gospel accounts of Jesus required faith to believe them. 3 church doctrine should account for faith. 4 the Gospel writers embellished Jesus’ life to make Him look divine.

The primary purpose of locating certainty of Christ either in objective thinking or in subjective feeling was to... 1 ensure Christianity’s success in an unbelieving world. 2 divide the true church from the false church. 3 give intellectual people an advantage over the uneducated. 4 elevate people’s understanding of their own worth in God’s eyes.

According to Schleiermacher, a Christian’s belief in Jesus Christ was... 1 the highest form of God-consciousness that resides in all people. 2 a different entity than the spirit of all people. 3 attained only through repentance and faith in Christ. 4 attained through a baptism that conformed a person to Jesus’ death.

Schleiermacher believed the greatest expression of God’s love was demonstrated in... 1 Jesus’ death on a cross. 2 the Logos’s incarnation into human flesh. 3 the Father’s sending the Spirit on the Day of Pentecost. 4 Jesus’ miracles of healing and raising the dead.

The method that placed the certainty of Christian faith in rational understanding of inerrant Scripture was... 1 Deism. 2 empiricism. 3 fundamentalism. 4 liberal Protestantism.

Due to the Enlightenment, Western Christology began to resemble the ancient heresy of... 1 Docetism. 2 Arianism. 3 Apollinarianism. 4 Sabellianism.

Concerning the church’s view of Christ, the most significant dichotomy that developed after the Enlightenment was between the... 1 higher and lower levels of spiritualities. 2 morality of Christians and the immorality of the culture. 3 law of death that condemns and life in the Spirit that frees. 4 objective historical facts and subjective religious feeling.

Friedrich Schleiermacher’s method of biblical interpretation... 1 upheld the authority of Scripture as God’s complete revelation. 2 changed Scripture into a text from which to extract an objective meaning. 3 required the Holy Spirit to first transform the reader into a believer in Christ. 4 had little effect on how Christians would later interpret Scripture.

Benedict Spinoza believed the most reliable form of knowledge was... 1 the Bible as Holy Scripture. 2 a person’s inner perception of reality. 3 historical records of past events. 4 a person’s ability to evaluate events and things.

Because of Spinoza’s method of interpretation, the church’s task of theology became primarily one of... 1 making disciples of Jesus whose lives conform to His. 2 promoting the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. 3 constructing doctrinal positions to which believers could assent. 4 explaining the world through the narrative of Scripture.

The Hegelian dialectics method was designed to... 1 allow conflicting statements to remain as they were. 2 strengthen the differences between conflicting statements. 3 demonstrate that conflicting statements were necessary. 4 find a synthesis to mediate a way past conflicting statements.

David Strauss thought Christians could believe in Christ... 1 even though the Gospel accounts were mostly fabrications. 2 because the Scriptures were inspired by the Holy Spirit. 3 because historical evidence proves the Gospel accounts to be true. 4 since Jesus had actually risen from the dead.

To describe how people in Western societies were forced to make their own decisions about most things in life, Peter Berger used the term... 1 heretical imperative. 2 autonomous mandate. 3 freedom initiative. 4 truth quest

Gotthold Lessing believed Christianity served its God-given purpose by... 1 being the witness of God’s salvation to the nations. 2 helping humanity attain a higher state of moral perfection. 3 pointing out all the world’s moral imperfections. 4 retreating from the world to be its own isolated community.

Søren Kierkegaard believed the Christian faith begins with... 1 baptism into the church as an infant. 2 learning about Christ’s work through catechism. 3 an experience with Jesus’ death as an offense. 4 the invitation for Jesus to come into a person’s heart.

Kierkegaard’s view of salvation made a person’s belief in Christ... 1 a rational assent to Jesus’ divine and human natures. 2 a religion based on the state’s sponsorship. 3 the most reasonable of all the world’s religions. 4 a leap of faith that defied all other human reason.

Christology became mainly Docetic in the early twentieth century because... 1 most Christians did not have access to a good theological education. 2 Western Christians were caught up in the fervor of nationalism. 3 universities proved the historical Jesus to be a myth. 4 ministers were allowed to preach only from the King James Version.

To Karl Barth, theology that described God apart from Jesus’ life and death was... 1 idolatry. 2 illumination. 3 contextualization. 4 application.

Schleiermacher’s theology was innovative in how it... 1 made Christ’s salvation acceptable to any rational person. 2 returned the church to an earlier view of Christ’s transformation. 3 denied the Nicene two natures doctrine of Christ. 4 emphasized the uniqueness of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection.

The modern version of Docetism differs from the earlier version in how it... 1 more forcefully denies Christ’s full humanity. 2 upholds Christ’s full humanity. 3 makes Christ’s humanity something agreeable and acceptable to all people. 4 believes Christ’s humanity can be known only by the elect.

David F. Strauss believed a person’s Christian faith and the historical Jesus to be... 1 integrally related. 2 related as cause and effect. 3 virtually the same. 4 completely severed and unrelated.

The most common critique against the liberal Protestant view of Jesus was its... 1 attempt to retrieve the historical Jesus. 2 high estimation of the importance of Christ. 3 concern for social justice and righteousness. 4 view of the irrelevancy of Jesus’ life for the believer’s life.

Karl Barth’s Christology was based on... 1 the analogy of faith. 2 the analogy of being. 3 a method of correlation. 4 natural theology.

Karl Barth’s method of theology remained “from above” because it... 1 believed Jesus to be born with human sin. 2 upheld Jesus as being fully human. 3 presupposed Jesus’ divinity. 4 said Jesus’ life confronted human rebellion against God.

Karl Barth’s theology helped return the church’s emphasis to... 1 the speculation of scholasticism. 2 the importance of ecclesiastical structure. 3 Jesus’ life within the Trinity. 4 a feeling of dependence.

By “epistemologically prior,” Yoder meant that Christians’ knowledge of Jesus... 1 came before they ever made a confession of faith. 2 had priority over all other disciplines of knowledge. 3 must be proven before they could actually believe it by faith. 4 involved learning what God did in them at their infant baptism.

Regarding the biblical text and authority, it is true that Scripture... 1 describes itself as having primary authority. 2 needs to be interpreted through a modern theological grid. 3 gets its authority from the lordship of Jesus. 4 gives Jesus His lordship in the Spirit.

That God created humanity as male and female shows that... 1 the two becoming one flesh reflects the image of God. 2 God can be referred to as either a male or a female. 3 there is no distinction between God and humanity. 4 individuals are not complete if they are not married.

God gave Adam and Eve the ability to care for creation and each other by... 1 making them a living breath. 2 giving them the knowledge of good and evil. 3 giving them the power to dominate all creation and each other. 4 placing His own qualities of holiness and perfection within them.

Because of sin, Adam and Eve were cursed with the continual condition of desiring to... 1 relate to each other in a mutual submission of trust and love. 2 forget their knowledge of good and evil. 3 make things right with God. 4 be like God.

Genesis 4–11 primarily describes the human characteristic of... 1 wanting to attain more knowledge of God. 2 thinking of evil continually. 3 being willing to carry out God’s mandate to fill the earth. 4 establishing laws to create ordered societies.

God’s call of Abraham in Genesis 12 is unique in that He... 1 gives specific instructions about where Abraham is to go. 2 promises that Abraham will rule over all other nations. 3 calls Abraham out of a nation to be a blessing to all nations. 4 gives Abraham a sign so he can be assured of his call.

God said Israel wanted a king like the other nations because... 1 they had gone through sufficient testing and were ready for one. 2 Samuel had not given them clear enough instructions. 3 He had called them to set an example for how a king should rule a nation. 4 they had rejected God as their king.

Nearly all the references to “Yahweh’s Anointed” in Israel’s history refer to... 1 Aaron the priest. 2 King David. 3 King Solomon. 4 Moses.

The two prominent themes in the Psalms concerning Israel’s future Messiah are... 1 kingly son and righteous sufferer. 2 loving father and healing son. 3 holy priest and prophetic preacher. 4 righteous sage and authoritative teacher.

Through Ezekiel’s writings, God said He would remedy Israel’s apostasy by... 1 letting them be ruled by foreign kings. 2 dispersing them through all other nations. 3 destroying Jerusalem’s temple once and for all. 4 shepherding His scattered flock himself.

The Synoptic Gospels weave together the themes of Jesus as Israel’s Messiah King and Suffering Servant by... 1 emphasizing Jesus as the Second Person of the Trinity. 2 describing Jesus as the incarnation of the Logos of God. 3 overtly stating that Jesus was fully divine from conception. 4 providing a chronological development of Jesus’ life as it happened.

The common theme throughout Gabriel’s announcement and Mary’s song is... 1 God’s wrath upon idolatry. 2 humanity’s glad acceptance of God’s plan. 3 God’s reversal of human sin and oppression. 4 God’s plan to make Israel a dominant world power.

In Luke’s Gospel, both Yahweh and Jesus are called... 1 God. 2 Immanuel. 3 Baptizer. 4 Lord.

Luke’s two themes that define Jesus’ identity and mission in terms of the Spirit’s anointing are that Jesus is... 1 the king of Israel, the “Son of God,” and is establishing God’s kingdom of peace. 2 both the perfect sacrificial lamb and the high priest who pours out the blood. 3 the master teacher of the Law and the divine Son who keeps the Law perfectly. 4 the one who overthrows governments and establishes God’s perfect order.

The Nazareth synagogue audience went into a rage when Jesus... 1 compared himself to Elijah and Elisha, both of whom went to Gentiles. 2 read from the book of Isaiah. 3 claimed He was the fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy. 4 began healing people in the synagogue on the Sabbath.

The greatest reversal of all in Jesus’ ministry occurred through His... 1 miracles. 2 teaching. 3 authority. 4 appearance.

People can know Jesus’ identity as the Son of God only by... 1 reading Scripture more often. 2 seeing more miracles happen. 3 the Holy Spirit’s revealing it to them. 4 learning more about creation and nature.

That the Spirit indwelled Jesus from His conception in Mary meant that... 1 Jesus would not suffer and die as a result of the Spirit. 2 Jesus was not tempted to sin. 3 God had to find a different reason for Jesus to suffer and die on a cross. 4 Jesus’ life, suffering, and death were also the result of the Spirit’s indwelling.

The main aspect of Jesus’ messiahship that is usually not thought to be a part of it is His... 1 death on a cross. 2 being an heir to David’s throne. 3 fulfillment of Israel’s Day of Atonement. 4 divine status as the Second Person of the Trinity.

Spirit Christology is complementary to Logos Christology primarily because of its emphasis on... 1 Jesus’ incarnation in the Spirit. 2 Jesus’ death and resurrection in the Spirit. 3 Jesus’ identity as the Second Person of the Trinity. 4 a theology of the Spirit rather than a theology of Christ.

The main aspect of Jesus’ life stressed in the Synoptic Gospels is His... 1 relational trust and obedience to the Father’s will in the Spirit. 2 preexistent, eternal nature that overshadowed His human nature. 3 own human ability to carry out His Father’s will. 4 desire to let as many people as possible know His identity.

In Romans 8 Paul clearly shows that a person’s beliefs in Jesus’ resurrection and his or her own future resurrection come from... 1 the Old Testament prophecies that foretold them. 2 his or her knowledge of Scripture’s infallibility. 3 the Holy Spirit’s inner witness to their truth. 4 the fact that they are long-held doctrines of Israel and the church.

Jesus told His disciples that He had to return to His Father so that... 1 they could know the times and the seasons set by the Father. 2 He could send the Spirit on them to make them His witnesses. 3 they could have political authority over kingdoms. 4 He could return to set up His kingdom at the last day.

On the Day of Pentecost, Peter said that people everywhere need to repent because... 1 they could not fulfill the Old Testament law. 2 they felt inner guilt from sinning against God. 3 Jesus’ death and resurrection had established a new period in history. 4 they had not reached their personal potential in life.

In the early centuries of the church, the Roman state executed Christians for... 1 failing to obtain government approval for their worship. 2 being revolutionaries who desired to overthrow Rome. 3 simply being Christians. 4 not swearing absolute allegiance to Caesar and the Roman gods.

Jesus’ statement “On this rock I will build my church” referred to... 1 Peter as the first apostle on whom the rest of the church would rest. 2 the future church structure that would overcome Rome. 3 Peter’s confession of faith in Jesus as the Christ, as revealed by the Father. 4 Peter’s total comprehension of Jesus’ true identity as God.

According to LaCugna, the basis and criteria of everything that can be said about God is... 1 the economy of God in the life of Jesus Christ. 2 God as He is in himself. 3 the natural order of the universe. 4 the ability of human language to describe it.

In Colossians 1 and 2, Paul says Christians’ understanding of and faith in Jesus’ divine nature are the result of... 1 the Spirit’s putting knowledge about Christ into their minds. 2 the Logos’ incarnation into human flesh. 3 their own rational abilities. 4 Jesus’ death and God’s raising Him from the dead.

A major feature of the Enlightenment that would have been unthinkable for Paul was its... 1 emphasis on people’s spiritual nature. 2 separation of the physical from the spiritual. 3 concern for the individual. 4 emphasis on learning.

The nature of Christian faith means every believer is a missionary of some kind because... 1 everyone is called to go to another country to share the gospel. 2 to correctly understand his or her faith, a person must go on a missions trip. 3 being a Christian means having a story to tell that helps an unsaved person to believe. 4 being a missionary takes greater faith than a person staying in his or her present surroundings.