Selfhood, conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment Flashcards
Father of Behaviorism
John Broadus Watson
a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience which cannot be attributed to temporary body states such as those induced by illness, drugs, or fatigue (Chance 2013)
Learning
An approach based on the study of objective, observable facts rather than subjective, qualitative processes, such as feelings, motives, and consciousness
Behaviorism
Core Assumptions of Behaviorism
- Learning processes can be studied most objectively when the focus is stimuli and response.
- Internal processes are largely excluded from scientific studies
- Learning is largely a result of environmental events
- Organisms are born as blank slates.
- Principles of learning apply equally to different behaviors and to a variety of animal species.
A doctrine that psychological knowledge would only be derived from observable facts
Positivism
A doctrine that psychological knowledge would only be derived from experiences
Empiricism
A learning model in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus through repeated pairing with that stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning is also known as
Leaning through Association
Known for his experiment of classical conditioning on dogs
Ivan Pavlov
Elements of Classical Conditioning
1) Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Stimulus that elicits the unconditioned response before learning has occurred. Things important for survival (ie Food, water, shelter)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
The response elicited/evoked by the US before learning has occured
Unconditioned Response (UR)
A previously neutral stimulus which is repeatedly paired with the US, which eventually elicits the conditioned response after learning takes place
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
The response elicited by the CS after learning has occurred
Conditioned Response (CR)
the process by which the organism attained a new behavior. A period during which progressive, measurable changes in a response are seen
Acquisition
The procedure of repeatedly presenting the CS without the US. Dissolution of association between US and CS. CS no longer elicit a CR.
Extinction
How is Extinction different from Forgetting?
Forgetting is the deterioration of performance following a period of no practice.
Sudden reappearance of a CR after extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Advertising
Teaching someone to love you
Phobia
Prejudice
Counter Conditioning
Paraphilias
Pairing products with stimuli that reliably elicit positive emotions OR Pairing competing products with stimuli that arouse negative emotions.
Advertising
Identify Elements of Classical Conditioning:
Leni Lugaw
NS: Leni
US: Dilawan, Lugaw
UR: Hate
CS: Leni + Dilawan and Lugaw
CR: Hate towards Leni
Identify Elements of Classical Conditioning:
Tobacco Packaging
NS: Packaging Tobacco
US: Disruptive Health problem images
UR: Fear & Anxiety
CS: Tobacco Packaging + Disruptive Health Problem Images
CR: Fear of tobacco usage
A highly regarded physician at 1800s
Joseph Lister
Emotional responses that are largely learned through classical conditionings
Conditioned Emotional Responses (CERs)
