Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Known for his experiment on the operant conditioning chamber

Answer 1

B.F. Skinner (Skinner Box)

Question 2

A learning model in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequence

Answer 2

Operant Conditioning

Question 3

ABCs of Operant Conditioning

Answer 3

A - ntecedent
B - ehavior
C - onsequence

Question 4

Operant conditioning is also known as

Answer 4

Instrumental Learning. Particularly because the behavior of the organism is instrumental in producing consequences in the environment

Question 5

prevailing conditions in the environment, that gives rise to the behavior of the organism

Answer 5

Antecedent

Question 6

anything that an organism does that can directly be measured

Answer 6

Behavior

Question 7

assumed to either weaken or strengthen the occurrence of a behaviors

Answer 7

Consequence

Question 8

Operant Conditioning Procedures

Answer 8

Reinforcement
Punishment

Question 9

Increasing the strength or occurrence of a behavior due to its consequence

Answer 9

Reinforcement

Question 10

Decreasing the strength or occurrence of a behavior due to its consequence

Answer 10

Punishment

Question 11

Stimulus that you add to a learning situation in order to increase the probability of behavior

Answer 11

REINFORCER

Question 12

Reward vs Reinforcer

Answer 12

Reward does not necessarily convey an increase in behavior. People are rewarded but behavior is reinforced

Question 13

Aversive stimulus you add to learning situation to decrease the occurrence of a behavior

Answer 13

Punisher

Question 14

Adding something pleasurable to a situation in order to increase the probability of behavior

Answer 14

Positive Reinforcement (ie. Token Economy)

Question 15

Removing something unpleasurable to a situation in order to increase the probability of behavior

Answer 15

Negative Reinforcement (ie. OCD)

Question 16

Unwanted intrusive thoughts that a person wants to get rid of

Answer 16

Obsession

Question 17

Repetitive behaviors that you do in response to an obsession

Answer 17

Compulsion (acts as a negative reinforcer to obsession)

Question 18

Adding aversive stimulus to decrease the probability of occurrence of a behavior

Answer 18

Positive Punishment

Question 19

Removing positive pleasurable stimulus in order to decrease the probability of occurrence of a behavior

Answer 19

Negative Punishment

Question 20

Tips for Approaching Operant Conditioning Problems:

Look at the consequence, if the behavior increase, then its a reinforcement, whereas if the behavior decrease, its a punishment

The sign just corresponds to whether we add or remove something to the learning process in order to achieve the desired consequence

Answer 20

thanks sir jholyan

Question 21

Rules of describing the delivery of reinforcement. Helps us to determine the rate and patterns of behavior

Answer 21

Schedule of Reinforcement

Question 22

2 Types of Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 22

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule (CRF)
Intermittent/Partial Reinforcement Schedule

Question 23

The simplest of all schedules. A behavior is reinforced every time it occurs

Answer 23

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule (CRF)

ie. Vending Machines

Question 24

It is when reinforcement occurs on some occasions but not to others.

Answer 24

Intermittent/Partial Reinforcement Schedule

Question 25

4 Categories of Intermittent/Partial Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 25

Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Fixed Interval Variable Interval

Question 26

behavior is reinforced when it has occurred a number of times

Answer 26

Fixed Ratio (ie. Loyalty Cards - FR10 - after 10 purchases a reinforcer is offered)

Question 27

TRUE or FALSE: FR1 == CRF

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

the number of behavior required for reinforcement varies around an average

Answer 28

Variable Ratio (VR5 - Gambling)

Question 29

Behavior is reinforced after a constant interval

Answer 29

Fixed Interval (FI-2weeks - Salary)

Question 30

A variable amount of time passes between each reinforcement

Answer 30

Variable Interval (VI - surprise quizzes)

Question 31

Applications of Operant Conditioning

Answer 31

Animal Training Education Parenting

Question 32

the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior

Answer 32

Shaping

Question 33

The process of training an organism to perform a behavior chain

Answer 33

Chaining (break down process to smaller tasks (Task Analysis)

Question 34

a procedure whereby a child is placed in a different, less-rewarding situation whenever he/she/it/they exhibits inappropriate behavior

Answer 34

Time-out

Question 35

When presented by a situation that is inescapable and incontrollable, ____________________ develops

Answer 35

Learned helplessness

Question 36

The tendency to work hard at difficult tasks for a prolonged period when high level of effort & persistence are reinforced.

Answer 36

Learned Industriousness

Question 37

Any behavior that occurs even though it does not produce its intended consequences

Answer 37

Superstitious Behaviors

Question 38

Criticisms of Behaviorism

Answer 38

Highly theoretical Human beings as automatons Knowledge base is mostly from studies with animals