Sem 1 review Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
isotopes
A
atoms of an element with different masses/numbers of neutrons
2
Q
isotopoes react the same/different?
A
the same
3
Q
ions
A
differently charged atoms
4
Q
abundance
A
how many (what % of that element) has a specific atomic weight?
5
Q
orbitals
A
a region where electrons with a given energy is likely to be found
6
Q
s orbital shape
A
sphere
7
Q
p orbital shape
A
dumbel
8
Q
d and f shape
A
complez
9
Q
quantum mechanical level
A
explain properties by treating electrons as a wave
10
Q
octet rule
A
ions lose or gain e- to satisfy their octet. Atoms in the first 20 prefer to have an outer e- shell with 8 e-.
11
Q
all ionic compounds have____ and ___
A
cations (+) and anions (-)
12
Q
valence
A
relative combining capacity. most atoms have 8 valence electrons
13
Q
molecules are what kind of bonded compounds?
A
covalently
14
Q
ionic compounds are called ___ units
A
formula units
15
Q
sulfur’s valence electron number is?
A
- 2 is the charge
16
Q
covalent bond
A
nm-nm
have similar electronegativities.
Neither atom is “strong” enough to attract electrons from the other.
they share their electrons
17
Q
ionic bond
A
nm-m
opposite ions attract each other
18
Q
ionic bond naming
A
metal __-ide_ (nitrogen bromide)
19
Q
ionic bonding naming FeCl3
A
iron III chloride
20
Q
D block and metals have ___
A
roman numerals for charges
21
Q
napoleon’s buttons
A
anything w/charged moving particles will conduct electricity
if slow down, electrons slow->break apart
22
Q
electronegativity
A
pull force
23
Q
ionic has what distances for atoms?
A
far 2<
24
Q
polar has what distances for atoms?
A
kind of close
25
nonpolar has what distances for atoms?
really close 0.4>
26
acids have what element?
hydrogen
27
acids are ___ in air
molecular
28
acids are ___ in water
ionic
29
dalton
atomic theory
30
jj thompson
plum pudding
31
rutherford
gold foil
32
faraday
atoms have a relationship with electricity
33
heinsberg uncertainty principle
unvariably change momentum
34
why are iron atoms magnetic?
parallel spinning electrons
35
how does the quantum mechanical model treat electrons?
like quantized energy
36
aufbau principle
fill in from lowest
| akbar was nice to bottom people
37
pauli
2/orbital
| pauli the parrot cannot repeat twice
38
hunts
uppies first
39
planck's theory
E=hv
e=energy
v=frequency
40
nitrate
NICK
NO1-/3
vowel=1
consonants=3
41
carbonate
CAMEL
CO2-/3
vowel=2
cons=3
42
sulfate
SUPPER
SO2-/4
vowel=2
cons=4
43
phosphate
PHEONIX
PO3-/4
vowel=3
cons=4
44
line spectra
certain e- give off different radiation that have their own waves of frequencies
different frequencies=different colors
45
photoelectric effect
when light excited e- in orbit release "color" when go back
46
electronegativity
how attractive and atom is to an e-in a covalent bond.
F is the hottest. As you get further away, you get uglier.
47
aqueous
ions are freely floating
48
CuSO4 (aq)
Cu and SO are in H2O
49
wat are less likely to give up e-?
atoms.
| copper bottom pans, gold jewelry etc.
50
halogens are __?
atoms
| F2, Cl2 etc
51
halides are __?
ions
| F-, Cl- etc
52
NH3
ammonia
53
NH4
ammonium
54
halogens
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
55
halides
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-
56
the girlie ones
Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)
I can't be alooooone
57
covalent naming
second one has the prefix
58
halogens
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
59
halides
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-
60
the girlie ones
Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)
I can't be alooooone
61
covalent naming
second one has the prefix
62
halogens
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
63
halides
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-
64
the girlie ones
Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)
I can't be alooooone
65
covalent naming
second one has the prefix
66
valence electrons
outer most electrons
67
spectator ions stay solid/liquid/aquaeous throughout?
aqueous
68
oxidation
a way of keeping track of e-
the charge an atom would have if the e- belonged to the more electronegative one
69
a charge is 3+ or +3?
3+
70
an oxidation no. is +5 or 5+?
+5
71
AgNO3 --> Ag
reduced or oxidized?
reduced
reduced oxidation number
72
Pb --> PbNO3
Oxidized
73
reducing agent
the one that is oxidized
74
oxidizing agent
the one that is reduced
75
what is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
76
why are combustion reactions considred "exceptions to the rules"?
combustion is not always direct replacements. some reactions do not follow the four types
77
an atom will bond with another atom if both atoms have
incomplete sets of valence electrons
78
in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the substances before the reaction is equal or sometimes greater sometimes smaller than the total mass before
equal to the total mass of the substances after the reactions
79
the numbers used to balance a chemical equation are called
a. subscripts
b. coefficients
c. superscripts
b. coefficients
80
the speed of light is
3*10 to the 8th
81
light has a characteristic of both ___ and ___
wave and particles
82
a heat lamp produces __ radiation
infrared
83
shortest to longest waves
```
gamma
x-ray
ultraviolet
(visible light V-R)
infrared
microwaves
radiowaves
```
84
true or false:
| Planck proposed taht the energy emitted or absorbed by any object is restricted to quanta of particular sizes.
true
85
why does violet light free electrons free electrons from sodium metal but red light doesn't?
violet light has a greater frequency and, as a result, a greater amount of energy per photon
86
the ___ effect shows that light i the form of a photon can collide with an electron
compton
87
when is color released?
when the displaces electron returns to its original place
88
why can't you see hte effects of wave motion for a base ball?
as mass increases, wavelength devreases
89
the brightness of light depends on the ___ of the light wave
a. amplitude
b. wavelength
c. frequency
amplitude
90
parallel or opposing spinning electrons occupy the same orbital?
opposing
91
why is the third p energy level than the second p one?
the third energy level is bigger because the e- have more energy. Therefore they can be further from the nucleus.
92
lower pH number means
acidic (below 7)
93
acidic mixtures have more hydrogen or hydroxides?
more hydrogen
94
newton
force
95
pascal
pressure
96
joule
energy
97
hertz
frequency
98
coulomb
electric charge
99
mass
how heavy something is without gravity
100
weight
the pull of gravity on an object
101
accuracy
how close to the actual value
102
precision
how close it is to others
103
Hot. Low or high kinetic energy?
high
104
0 kelvin is what?
absolute 0
105
homogeneous
uniform throughout
106
high frequency. Low or high energy?
high
107
metallic bonds are?
bond by having positive ions in a sea of electrons
108
CNOF are?
always obey the octet rule
109
Be follows octet?
No. happy with 4
110
the principle energy levels of an atom are
n=1, n=2, n=3...
