sem 2 sac 1 Flashcards
what is hypothermia
the condition of having an abnormally (typically dangerously) low body temperature.
if your temperature drops below 35 degrees you have mild hypothermia, severe is below 32 degrees and life threatening in below 28 degrees.
what is biodiversity
the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable.
what are the 4 factors affecting outdoor environments
- geology
- climate
- position
- aspect
geology
soil and rocks develops overtime through interactions between the parent rock and elements such as wind, water and sun, living and decomposing animal and plant matter, and ground water
climate
annual rainfall, extremes in temp and average daylight hours are examples of climate factors that ca affect an environment.
position and aspect
geographical location is important because the north face of a mountain will typically result in drier soil and warmer temps, the south side of the mountain will have more shade, more soil moisture and lower temps, this can affect your vegetation depending on where you plant
what is safe and sustainable planning
Good planning and preparation
Appropriate clothing, food and equipment Expected range of weather conditions Access to drinking water Codes of conduct for recreational activity Minimal impact strategies
4 ways of heat loss
- conduction
- convection
- evaporation
- radiation
what is conduction
heat passes out of the body directly into a cooler object such as the ground
what is convection
heat rises away from the body into the air, clothing helps prevent this an example of this is a wind chill
what is evaporation
heat is removed from the body as water evaporates and the skin tries
what is radiation
heat is given off to a cooler environment directly. eg going into water and becoming cooler
what is first aid for hypothermia
- don’t massage or rub
- move the person out of the cold
- remove wet clothing
- try to warm the person
- use a hypothermia wrap or also known as a burrito wrap
hypothermia wrap
A “hypothermia wrap” can be made from items usually found on any Outdoor ed trip. You need a waterproof outer layer (tarp, rain canopy), sleeping pads ( foam type) for insulation from the ground, sleeping bags (or blankets, dry clothing, etc),
three types of layers
base layer: moisture management
mid layer: insulation
outer layer: outer shell
what materials are used in the base layer
- merino wool
- polyester
- polypropylene
what materials are used in the mid layer
- polar fleece
- down jacket
- woolen jumper
what materials are used in the outer layer
- gore-tex jacket
- wind stopper jacket
understanding of environments
some outdoor environments dont require any specific environments like hiking, where as others require very specific conditions for the activity like snow boarding obviously requires snow, and white water rafting requires rapids
at places like mitchel river we would expect to see different environments in the north face and south face of the mountains
north side of a mountain
- sunlight
- drier soils
- taller trees
- warmer
south side
- wetter
- furn
- colder
- mosses
- darker
