Sem1 EXAM Revision

Question 1

What is euthanasia?

Answer 1

Where a doctor or other person carries out the killing of a terminally ill person.

Question 2

List some arguments FOR euthanasia.

Answer 2

• It is your decision
• It can be used to prevent further pain
• It is legal in other countries
• Financial savings for cost of treatment
• Dignity (dying a good death)

Question 3

List some arguments AGAINST euthanasia.

Answer 3

• Religious and morally wrong
• Compromised mental ability
• Against the medical profession (doctors must prevent death)
• Person may recover from illness (you never know)
• Using money to find cures is more important than using money to kill

Question 4

List important Christian principles, values and morals.

Answer 4

• Thou shall not kill (commandment)
• Life is sacred
• God gave us a gift (life)
• Christian life is one of faith (love thy neighbour/hope)
• Genesis 1:26-27 “Let us make man in our image”
• 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 “if anyone destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him for God’s temple is sacred, and you are that temple”

Question 5

List religious principles, values and morals in Islam.

Answer 5

• Life is sacred as it was given to us by Allah
• Only Allah can decide how long someone has to live
• War/criminal punishments are exceptions to death
• Qu’ran states “do not take life, which Allah made sacred, other than in the course of justice”
• It is believed that it is alright to take lives if it is to spread the Islamic Faith

Question 6

List one strength and one weakness of Utilitarianism

Answer 6

Strength: Appears to protect the common good.

Weakness: Ignores an individual’s rights.

Question 7

List one strength and one weakness of Subjectivism

Answer 7

Strength: Protects the individual’s right to freedom of choice.

Weakness: Takes no account of the interests and well-being of others.

Question 8

List one strength and one weakness of Situation Ethics

Answer 8

Strength: Sees each situation as unique.

Weakness: Love can be interpreted however people wish.

Question 9

List one strength and one weakness of Relativism

Answer 9

Strength: Takes into account the situation of the culture from which the decision arises.

Weakness: Does not take into consideration how the wider community would be affected by an action or decision.

Question 10

List one strength and one weakness of Nihilism

Answer 10

Strength: Provides solidarity for those who see life as absurd.

Weakness: No difference between good and evil (core belief).

Question 11

State the three levels of moral development proposed by Kohlberg.

Answer 11

1. Pre-Conventional Morality
2. Conventional Morality
3. Post-Comventional Morality

Question 12

Define the six stages if Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Answer 12

1. Punishment Orientation (avoiding punishment)
2. Pleasure-seeking Orientation (self-interest)
3. Good Boy/Girl Orientation (avoiding disapproval/seeking praise)
4. Authority Orientation (should uphold law at all costs)
5. Social-contract Orientation (rules are open to question but are upheld for good of community)
6. Morality of Individual Principles (self-chosen ethical principles)

Question 13

List all 10 steps in the “Ethical Decision-Making Model”

Answer 13

1. Define problem
2. Determine all relevant factors
3. Imagine alternatives and consequences
4. Evaluate alternatives in terms of your values/principles
5. Consider authorities
6. Eliminate unacceptable choices
7. Select a response
8. Implement decision
9. Review consequences
10. Evaluate the process of decision-making

Question 14

Provide two reasons why some occupations need a “code of ethics”

Answer 14

• To define accepted/acceptable behaviours.

- To establish a framework for professional behaviour and responsibilities.

Question 15

List 2 ethical issues

Answer 15

• Abortion.

- Immigration.