semantics

Question 1

pragmatics

Answer 1

the study of how context contributes to meaning

Question 2

metaphor

Answer 2

a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another

Question 3

Metonymy

Answer 3

a figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something

Question 4

Synecdoche

Answer 4

a figure of speech by which a more inclusive term is used for a less inclusive one, or vice versa

Question 5

connotation

Answer 5

the use of a word to suggest a different association than its literal meaning

Question 6

denotation

Answer 6

the objective meaning of a word

Question 7

syntagmatic

Answer 7

pertaining to a relationship among linguistic elements that occur sequentially in the chain of speech or writing

Question 8

synonymy

Answer 8

a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language.

Question 9

hyponymy

Answer 9

semantic relations between a term belonging in a set that is defined by another term and the latter

Question 10

antonymy

Answer 10

a word that means the opposite of another word

Question 11

incompatibility

Answer 11

the most general type of semantic relation between lexical items, the meaning of which entails exclusion

Question 12

homonym

Answer 12

words which are either homographs – words that have the same spelling (regardless of pronunciation) – or homophones – words that have the same pronunciation (regardless of spelling) –, or both.

Question 13

polysemy

Answer 13

the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings

Question 14

Lexical Semantics

Answer 14

as a subfield of linguistic semantics, is the study of word meanings

Question 15

Compositional Semantics

Answer 15

The meaning of a phrase is determined by combining the meanings of its subphrases, using rules which are driven by the syntactic structure.

Question 16

Sense

Answer 16

one of the meanings of a word

Question 17

Reference

Answer 17

the relationship between language and the world. In other words, that is the relationship between words and the things, actions, events, and qualities they stand for

Question 18

possible worlds semantics

Answer 18

a complete and consistent way the world is or could have been

Question 19

speaker reference

Answer 19

the reference that a noun phrase has in virtue of what the speaker chooses it to be

Question 20

Linguistic-reference

Answer 20

the systematic denotation of some linguistic expression as part of a language

Question 21

Prototype

Answer 21

A typical member of the extension of a referring expression is a prototype of that expression.

Question 22

Stereotype

Answer 22

A list of characteristics describing a prototype is said to be a stereotype

Question 23

Coreference

Answer 23

Two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity

Question 24

Anaphora

Answer 24

A linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression i

Question 25

Deixis

Answer 25

the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context,

Question 26

The Principle of Compositionality

Answer 26

The semantic meaning of any unit of language is determined by the semantic meanings of its parts along with the way they are put together.

Question 27

Denotative meaning

Answer 27

The logical meaning, which indicates the essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it from other concepts

Question 28

connotative meaning.

Answer 28

he additional or associated meaning, which is attached to the denotative, conceptual meaning

Question 29

social meaning

Answer 29

the meaning that a word possesses by virtue of its use in particular social situations and circumstances

Question 30

thematic meaning

Answer 30

It lies in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis.