Semantics Flashcards
(30 cards)
Referents
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which expression refers
Mental image
A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning
Pryotype
For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of members of that set
Usage-based definintions
A characterization of a words sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word is included in the reference of some other word.
Hypernym
Meaning relationship between words converse of hyponym
Synonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same
Antonymy
Meaning relationship between words when the definition is somewhat opposite
Reverses
Pairs of words that suggest movement where one word in the pair suggests movement that undoes the movement suggested by the other
Converses
Two opposing points of view or a change in perspective
Proposition
The claim expressed. Y a sentence
Truth value
The ability to be true or false
Entailment
A relationship between propositions where a proposition is said to entail another proposition
Pure intersection
The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things
Intersective adjectives
Adjectives that produce pure intersections
Relative intersection
Reference of the adjective has to be determined relative to the reference of the noun
Subjective adjectives
An adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun it modifies refers to
Non-intersection
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to
Anti-intersection adjectives
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies
Sense
A mental representation of an expression’s meaning
Reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates to entities in the outside world
Sister terms
Words that in terms of their reference are at the same level in the hierarchy
Complementary antonyms
Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither;
Gradable antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale
