Semantics

Question 1

Onomatopiea

Answer 1

Word formed from a sound association

Question 2

Prototype theory

Answer 2

Theory saying that some members of category are more central than others

Question 3

Semantic features

Answer 3

Shared features in the meaning of a word

Make a table with + and -

Question 4

Denotation

Answer 4

Literal meaning of a word , dictionary meaning

Question 5

Connotation

Answer 5

meaning of a word by association with a emotion

Sometimes shared, sometimes individual

Question 6

Synonymy

Answer 6

Words of same meaning

Question 7

True synonymy

Answer 7

When words always have the same meaning no matter which context

Question 8

Entailment

Answer 8

Two way: similar meaning
One way entailment: inclusive meaning
No entailment: not synonym

(Entailment is contextual)

Question 9

Hyponymy

Answer 9

When a umbrella term encompass the meaning of other words called “hyponyms”

Question 10

Superordinate

Answer 10

Umbrella term in hyponymy

Question 11

Hyponym

Answer 11

Words in hyponymy who are under an umbrella term

They have co-hyponym

Question 12

Testing for hyponymy

Answer 12

Is [hyponym] a type of [superordinate]

Question 13

Polysemy

Answer 13

When a word has different meaning, but they all have the same origin

Use a dictionary

Question 14

Homonymy

Answer 14

Identical in written or spoken form or both

Question 15

Homograph

Answer 15

Identical in written form different pronunciation

Question 16

Homophones

Answer 16

Have the same pronunciation but are written differently

Question 17

Antonymy

Answer 17

Words with opposite meaning

Question 18

Complementary opposite

Answer 18

Antonym where the presence of one mean the complete absence of the other

Do not have a degree

Question 19

Gradable opposite

Answer 19

Antonym: Both words lie on a spectrum, they can be modify by degree adverb

Question 20

Relational opposite

Answer 20

Antonym whose opposition depend of context, not gradable

Question 21

Antonym markedness

Answer 21

One word of any pair of antonym is the default.

The default is unmarked
The other is marked

Question 22

Semantic argument

Answer 22

=/= syntactic argument
Based on a verb and its meaning, thematic role

Semantic relationship between verb and np

Role can only be assigned once per sentence

Question 23

TR: agent

Answer 23

Np who performs action and has the volition to do so

Question 24

TR: theme

Answer 24

Np who undergoes action denoted by verb

Question 25

TR: patient

Answer 25

Np who undergoes action but changes state

Question 26

TR: goal

Answer 26

Destination intended by verb

Question 27

TR: location

Answer 27

There an event takes place

Question 28

TR: source

Answer 28

Place from which an event takes place

Question 29

TR: experiencer

Answer 29

An animate entity which perceives/observes smth or experience emotion

Question 30

TR: stimulus

Answer 30

Smth that cause another entity to have emotion

Question 31

TR: causative

Answer 31

A natural force that cause an event to happen

Question 32

TR: instrument

Answer 32

Means by which an action is performed

Question 33

TR: possessor

Answer 33

An entity that has another entity

Question 34

TR: purpose

Answer 34

Reason why an action is being done

Question 35

Meaning change

Answer 35

Every word has a variety of meaning which can be altered, added, removed over time Motivation for change: culture, connotation, belief

Question 36

MC: widening

Answer 36

When a word gets more context

Question 37

MC: narrowing

Answer 37

When a word is used in fewer context

Question 38

MC: amelioration

Answer 38

When a word meaning get change from negative to positive

Question 39

MC: pejoration

Answer 39

When a word meaning switch from positive to negative

Question 40

MC: retronym

Answer 40

Backformation from a longer form which is no longer adequate

Question 41

Semantic ambiguity

Answer 41

When a sentence can be understood differently based on the meaning of the words in it

Question 42

Contextual meaning

Answer 42

When words require additional information in order to be understood

Question 43

Deixis

Answer 43

Contextual words, deictic words

Question 44

Person deixis

Answer 44

He, they, you

Question 45

Place deixis

Answer 45

Here, that

Question 46

Time deixis

Answer 46

Now, soon, then

Question 47

Implied meaning

Answer 47

Cooperative principle by Paul Griece - maxim of quality: good amount of info - “manner: clarity - “relevance - “quality: truth