Semantics Flashcards
(31 cards)
Semantics
the study of the meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences
Pragmatics
the meaning of language in its context of use
Metaphor
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
Metonymy
figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something
Synecdoche
a figure of speech by which a more inclusive term is used for a less inclusive one, or vice versa
Connotation
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
denotation
the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.
Paradigmatic
the way words can substitute for each other in the same sentence context
Syntagmatic
the way lexemes are related in sentences
Synonymy
sameness of meaning
Hyponhymy
inclusion of meaning
antonymy
oppositeness of meaning
Incompatibility
mutual exclusiveness within the same superordinate category
Homonymy
two words pronounced the same
Polysemy
a word with several different meanings
Compositional Semantics
deals with how those lexical meanings combine to form more complex phrasal meanings.
Reference
extension of a concept
Sense
Intension of a concept
Possible Worlds Semantics
a technique that has been used to generalize extensional accounts of meaning
Prototype
a typical member of the extension of a referring expression
Stereotype
a list of characteristics describing a prototype
Coreference
two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity
Anaphora
A linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression
Deixis
A deictic expression has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation.
