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AUBF Lec > Semen > Flashcards

Semen Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Semen is composed of 4 fractions that are contributed by the testes

A

Epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

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2
Q

Testes are paired glands in the scrotum that contain the

A

Seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

Provide support and nutrients for the germ cells as they undergo mitosis and meiosis (spermarogenesis)

A

Specialized sertoli cells

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4
Q

When spermatogenesis is complete, the ___ (non motile) enter the epididymis

A

Immature sperm

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5
Q

Where the sperm mature and develop flagella

A

Epididymis

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6
Q

The entire process of spermatozoa takes approx how many days?

A

90 days

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7
Q
  • Produce most of the fluid present in semen ( 60% to 70%)
  • fluid contains high conc of fructose and flavin
  • transport medium for the sperm
A

Seminal vesicles

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8
Q

Metabolize the fructose for the energy needed for the flagella to propel them through the female reproductive tract

A

Spermatozoa

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9
Q

Responsible for the gray appearance of semen

A

Flavin

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10
Q
  • Surrounds the upper urethra, aids in propelling the sperm through the uretura by contractions during ejaculation
  • 20- 30% acidic fluid , contains enzymes responsible for coagulation and liquefaction
A

Muscular prostate gland

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11
Q
  • Contribute about 5% fluid volume (thick, alkaline mucus)
  • neutralize acidity from the prostate secretions and vagina
A

Bulbourethral glands

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12
Q

Most of the sperm are contained in the - portion of the ejaculate

A

First portion

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13
Q

Specimens are collected FF a period of sexual abstinence of at least

A

2 to 7 days

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14
Q

When performing fertility testing, the WHO recommends that - samples be collected

A

2-3 samples

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15
Q

Appropriate specimen container

A

Warm sterile glass or plastic containers

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16
Q

Specimens awaiting analysis should be kept at

A

37°C

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17
Q

Ordinary condoms are not acceptable because they contain spermicides, instead they use

A

Nonlubricant containing rubber or polyurethane condoms

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18
Q

Parameters reported in semen analysis

A

Appearance, volume, viscosity, PH, sperm concentration and count, mobility and morphology

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19
Q

Normal semen appearance

A

Gray white color, translucent, characteristic musty odor

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20
Q

When the sperm concentration is very low the specimen may appear?

A

Almost clear

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21
Q

Increased white turbidity indicates the presence of

A

WBC and infection

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22
Q

During microscopic examination, WBCs must be differentiated from

A

Immature sperm (spermatids)

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23
Q

Useful to screen the presence of WBC’s in semen

A

Leukocyte esterase reagent strip

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24
Q

Associated with the presence of RBC’S

A

Red coloration

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25
May be caused by urine contamination or prolonged abstinence and medications
Yellow color
26
A fresh semen specimen is clotted and should liquefy within
30 to 60 minutes
27
Failure of liquefaction to occur within 60 mins may be caused by
Deficiency in prostatic enzymes
28
Used to induce liquefaction
Balbeccos phosphate buffered saline, proteolytic enzymes
29
Jelly like granules (gelatinous bodies)
No clinical significance
30
Normal semen volume ranges between
2-5 mL
31
Function of seminiferous tubules of testes
Spermatogenesis
32
Epididymis function
Sperm maturation
33
Function of ductus deferens
Propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts
34
Function of seminal vesicle
Provide nutrients for sperm and fluid
35
Prostate gland function
Provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction
36
Bulbourethral glands function
Add alkaline mucus to neutralize prostatic and and vaginal acidity
37
Spermatozoa semen composition
5%
38
Seminal fluid semen composition
60 - 70%
39
Prostate fluid semen composition
20% - 30%
40
Bulbourethral glands semen composition
5%
41
The PH should be measured within _ hour of ejaculation due to the loss of CO 2 that occurs
1 hour
42
Normal pH of semen is alkaline with a range of
7.2 - 8.0
43
Decreased PH may be associated with
associated with increased prostatic fluid,ejaculatory duct obstruction, poorly develop seminal vesicle
44
Total sperm count for the ejaculate can be calculated by
Sperm concentration x specimen volume
45
Total sperm count considered normal
40 million per ejaculate ( 20 millions/ml x 2 mL)
46
The most commonly used dilution ratio
1:20
47
Diluting fluids
Sodium bicarbonate and formalin traditional) Saline and distilled water
48
Indications of > 1 million leukocytes per ml
Inflammation or infection of the reproductive organs
49
>1 million spermatids per ml indicates
Disruption of spermatogenesis
50
Minimum mobility considered normal
50%, 2.0 rating after 1 hour
51
Rapid straight-line mobility
4.0, A
52
Slower speed, some lateral movement
3.0, B
53
Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement
2.0, B
54
No forward progression
1.0,c
55
No movement
0, D
56
Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle
Progressive motility
57
Sperm moving with an absence of progression
Non-progressive motility
58
No movement
immotility
59
Normal sperm
Oval shaped head, 5 um long 3 um wide
60
Normal flagella tail
45 um long
61
Critical to ovum penetration is the enzyme containing - located at the tip of the head
acrosomal cap
62
Sperm morphology is evaluated from a thinly smeared stained slide under
Oil immersion
63
At least - sperm should be evaluated
200
64
Staining can be performed using
Wrights, giemsa, shorr, or papanicolaou stain
65
No semen volume
Aspermia
66
No spermatozoa in semen
Azoospermia
67
Leukocytes present in semen
Leukospermia
68
The head of a normal spermatozoon structure contains
Acrosome, cell membrane, nucleus
69
Normal sperm concentration
> 20 x 10^6/ml
70
Total sperm count
>40 x 10^6 per ejaculate
71
<20 x10^6/ml
Oligospermia, sub-fertile
72
<5x10^6/ml
Infertile
73
No ejaculate
Aspermia
74
diluent for sperm conc/ count
100 ml distilled H2O + 1 mL neutral buffered formalin + 5 gm NaHCO3
75
1:20 dilution
0.5 mL of semen + 10 mL diluent thoroughly mixed
76
How many counts is calculated in the neubauer chamber for sperm count
2 chambers
77
(-)
azoospermia
78
Increased semen volume may be due to
Extended abstinence, varicocoele
79
Decreased semen volume
Infertility, dysfunction of semen producing organs, incomplete specimen collection
80
Forward progression mobility rate
>50%
81
Rapid progression motility rate
> 25%
82
< 50% motility after 2 hours
Asthenozoospermia, infertility
83
acrosomal cap should encompass _ of the head
1/2
84
Strict criteria for normal morphology
>14%
85
Routine criteria for normal morphology
>30%

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