semester 1 exam revision

Question 1

define physical activity

Answer 1

any movement of the body produced by the skeletal muscles,resulting in energy expenditure.

Question 2

define physical inactivity

Answer 2

a lack of involvement in physical activity during a persons leisure time

Question 3

define sedentary behaviour

Answer 3

behaviour associated with sitting or lying down including activities such as watching television, driving in a car, reading

Question 4

describe relationship between physical activity, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour.

Answer 4

if someone has a higher level of physical activity it might mean a persons physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour might decrease

Question 5

8 forms of physical activity and an example on each one page 240-41

Answer 5

1. play( monkey Bars)
2. Games( tiggy, octopus tag)
3. sports( AFL, soccer)-competitive, structured
4. informal sports ( beach cricket) casual, no set rules
5. transportation(riding bike to school)practical
6. exercise ( aerobics, running,gym)-health focused
7. chores(gardening,vacuuming) task orientated
8. recreational activities( fishing, surfing)-relaxing and fun

Please Go Skate In The Evening, Cleaning Rocks!”

Question 6

benefits of maintaining an active lifestyle

Answer 6

helps your brain, energy levels, and mood

Question 7

physical benefits 244-248

Answer 7

healthy body weight, boosted immune system, stronger muscles/healthy bones, increased energy levels

Question 8

mental benefits

Answer 8

positive thought patterns, reduced stress levels, self-esteem, self confidence

Question 9

emotional benefits

Answer 9

positive mood, resilience, appropriate display of emotions

Question 10

social benefits

Answer 10

wider exposure to new people, improved relationships, increased trust in others, improved communication skills, reduced feeling of isolation and loneliness

Question 11

spiritual benefits

Answer 11

deepened connection to nature, enhanced sense of mindfulness and spirtitual awareness, elevates state of serenity, improved sense of belonging

Question 12

what are some sociocultural enablers and barriers

Answer 12

family, peers, ses, gender, culture, community

Question 13

socio-cultural enablers and barriers of family page 250-56

Answer 13

family members can promote participation in physical activity
enablers-
–act as a role model as they are more likely to adopt the activity modeled by family
–families giving resources improves physical activity( sports equipment)
–encouragement helps participation

barriers
—lack of role models
—limited resources
—lack of opportunities

Question 14

socio-cultural enablers and barriers of peers

Answer 14

enablers:
motivation to participate
introduction to new activities-leading to long lasting commitments
barriers:
social exclusion-not matching proficiency levels can diminish motivation
if your peer group does not do physical activity

Question 15

socio-cultural enablers and barriers of ses

Answer 15

enablers:
income-can afford more things like gym memberships
transportation-can pay for petrol etc access to parks and gyms
barriers:
income
transportation
chronic disease

Question 16

socio-cultural enablers and barriers of gender

Answer 16

barriers:
gender stereotypes-deter women from participating in perceived masculine activities
media coverage and sponsorship- limited media coverage leads to fewer sponsorship opportunities

Question 17

socio-cultural enablers and barriers of cultural norms

Answer 17

barriers:
racial discrimination-treated differently because of their background leading to decreased participation
fewer opportunities
enablers:
flexibilitiy in programs- allowing for cultural practices within sports programs such as being allowed to pray during training
role models and awareness

Question 18

socio-cultural enablers and barriers of community

Answer 18

enablers and barriers
availability for sports in smaller towns not as many options and in certain regions there is a specific sport which might increase participation

safety- high crime rates or safer parts

Question 19

physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for young people age 5-17 page 259-262

Answer 19

children and young people aged 5-17 should do at least 60 minutes each day of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
At least 3 days per week children should incorporate vigorous activities that strengthen bones and muscles.

Question 20

diary (274- 280) methods of assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour advantages and disadvantages sub/ob

Answer 20

SUBJECTIVE
they help us understand all the FIIT principles and see trends in the data
advantages:
low cost
ease of administration
disadvantages:
can become a burden
prone to social desirability bias.

Question 21

recall surveys methods of assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour advantages and disadvantages sub/ob

Answer 21

SUBJECTIVE
Assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels-asking an individual to recall their levels of physical activity
advantages
cost effective to collect large quantities of data
easy to administer
disadvantage
lower accuracy of data
social desirability bias

Question 22

pedometers methods of assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour and advantages and disadvantages sub/ob

Answer 22

OBJECTIVE
used to count the number of steps you do
used to be on the hip but now on the wrist
advantage
cheaper tool
easy to use
can record incidental activity of the data
dsadvantages
limited amount of dimensions
does not record sedentary behaviour

Question 23

wearable devices methods of assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour and advantage disadvantage/ sub/ob

Answer 23

like a watch and equipped to collect data and understand thier movement patterns
advantages
provide real time data
measure any dimension
disadvantage
expensive
can cause reactivity

Question 24

4 layers of the social ecological model (294)

Answer 24

INDIVIDUAL:
attitudes
enjoyment
age
motivation
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT:
family
peers
social support
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT:
natural environment
safety
facilities
POLICY:
funding
education policies

Question 25

discuss the FACTORS that impact each of the 4 components of the social ecological model

Answer 25

NDIVIDUAL: attitudes enjoyment age motivation SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: family peers social support PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT: natural environment safety facilities POLICY: funding education policies

Question 26

how can we critique a progrm/intervention of the social ecological model to evaluate the effectiveness?

Answer 26

if it relates to all 4 of the social ecological model

Question 27

what are the health-related fitness components (326-329)

Answer 27

aerobic power: maximum rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system muscular strength: peak force that a muscle can develop muscular endurance: ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain repeated or sustained contractions against resistance for an extended period of time flexibility: range of movement around a joint

Question 28

what are the training principles required for a physical activity plan(frequency,intensity,time type)

Answer 28

frequency intensity time type

Question 29

what are some interpersonal issues

Answer 29

-hormonal considerations-can effect muscular development, metabolism, impact of period -injuries -psychological skills -mental fitness

Question 30

what are interpersonal issues?

Answer 30

are social influences and relationships that affect persons behaviour,emotions and development. These factors include interactions between family, friends, teammates and wider society

Question 31

explain the interpersonal issues of geographic location

Answer 31

depends if they live rurally or urban. got to do with air quality, ses, terrain, climate, cultural and social influences participation and performance-> regional training hubs and regional development pathways/talent identification LOCAL, NATIONAL, GLOBAL local: . The Victorian government has also created an infrastructure fund that aims to deliver new and upgraded community sports facilities.Athletics for the Outback program, which is focused on engaging remote communities through youth athletics clinics, team development, event development, teacher up-skilling and athletics carnival national: scholarships, travel insurances. historical, current future, Historically, there has been a considerable sport and recreation funding gap between metropolitan and regional/remote areas in Australia current More recently, funding has been directed towards remote communities, future a greater number of high-performance athletes being developed and becoming role models for young people within the same communities.

Question 32

explain the interpersonal issues of coaching

Answer 32

Coaching sports clubs and teams involves more than just the basics of improving the sporting performance of those in their care. Coaching encompasses a range of different skills and values that enable all participants to enjoy and flourish within the coaching environment. access and inclusion When attending a sport or physical activity for the first time, an individual’s first interaction is often with the coach leading the session. Therefore, it is essential that a positive initial relationship is developed to ensure that involvement is continued beyond the first session. PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE need coaches for more participation levels so if they are bullying, yelling, failure to respect boundaries doesn't help participation and performance LOCAL: for safeguarding rules working with children's check NATIONAL: national principles for child safe organisations GLOBAL: SAFESPORT (USA) strict codes of conduct for coaches HISTORICAL: The historical view of coaching, especially in the high-performance sphere, has generally been an ‘at-all-costs’ approach to winning. A coach could do whatever it took to get the best out of their athletes, no matter the physical, psychological or emotional consequences. current: Recent adaptations to coach education and training have included an increased focus on child safety and the need to support athletes’ mental health and wellbeing future: future changes will continue to focus both on the development of an athlete’s wellbeing and their performance.

Question 33

explain the interpersonal issues of sports technology and the media

Answer 33

The impact of technology on the world of sport is growing every year. Many technologies that in the past were only available to the most privileged and highest-level sports people, such as heart-rate tracking and GPS units, are now available to everyone. ACCESS AND INCLUSION: activities more accessible. The rise of online and app-based fitness programs has encouraged many who were intimidated by exercising in a large group to get active. These platforms offer individuals the flexibility and convenience to exercise at home. This is also a more affordable option, as there is often no need for an expensive club membership or specific equipment PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE The growth in online resources has also made it much easier for people to access the information they need to participate regularly, such as class information, team training schedules and rules, regulations and training methods. LOCAL: The Victorian government also recognises the importance of the sports technology industry and ensures that the state maintains a calendar of major sports events. I NATIONAL: The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) engineering team supports sports, athletes and coaches through the development of customised technology and equipment. GLOBAL: International sports organisations are also having to react to changes and developments in tech Like the full-body swimsuit, many technological developments have had such a significant impact on their sport that governing bodies have changed rules to allow or disallow their use in competition. HISTORICAL: Early technological developments in sport focused on clothing and equipment; for example, the development of the tennis racket over the past 50 years has included numerous material changes alongside adaptations to its size, shape and string technology to allow greater power, control and spin for modern players. CURRENT: current trends in sports technology focus on how the data produced can be used to improve training and performance.

Question 34

explain the IMPACT OF THE interpersonal issues of institutional inclusion

Answer 34

There are a number of actions that sporting organisations and policy-makers can take to address the inequities that people from diverse cultural, physical, intellectual and sexual backgrounds face. ensure people from diverse groups participate regularly in physical activity and sport, clubs and organisations must give fair representation to these groups in their management structure local: Victorian Aboriginal Sporting Partnership. This is a working group designed to ensure that Aboriginal voices and experiences are heard and respected, empowering the community to create change that will positively impact Aboriginal Victorians. national: The Australian Sports Commission also works with initiatives such as the Pride In Sport Index, which is the ‘first and only benchmarking instrument designed specifically to assess the inclusion of LGBTIQ+ people in Australian sport and sporting organisations’ The International Olympic Committee has been committed to making the Olympics an open and inclusive event for decades HISTORICAL, CURRENT, FUTURE Over the past 50 years there have been considerable advancements made in equity and inclusion in structures and institutions within sport and active recreation. However, challenges persist, and there is still a long way to go before sports are truly equitable and inclusive of all individuals. current: f reconciliation has been one of the major changes that has taken place across all aspects of society. The development of Reconciliation Action Plans (RAP) future: The development of inclusion and equity policies is creating more opportunities for people from diverse communities

Question 35

explain the interpersonal issues of gender equity

Answer 35

Gender inequity in sport directly affects levels of physical activity, with women and girls often experiencing fewer opportunities and resources for participation compared with their male counterparts. o maximise female participation in sports, organisations must prioritise inclusivity, accessibility and empowerment. local: Change Our Game is an initiative launched by the Victorian government to promote gender equity and diversity in sport and recreation. national: irls Make Your Move is a national campaign initiated by the Australian government to encourage girls and young women to find their passion for physical activity and sport HISTORICAL: not that many sporting opportunities/sterotypes/stigma current: more organsiations more program future: decrease stigma even nore

Question 36

physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for adults age 18-64

Answer 36

adults should be active most days preferably every day each week adults should do either 2.5-5 hours of moderate physical activity intensity (brisk walk) or 1.25-2.5 hours of vigorous intensity such as jogging. they should also include muscle and bone strengthening at least 2 days a week

Question 37

sedentary behaviour guidelines for people aged 5-17

Answer 37

good quality sleep break up long periods of sitting no longer than 2 hours of recreational screen time each day

Question 38

sedentary behaviour guidelines for people 18-64

Answer 38

break up long periods of sitting