Semester 1 Final Flashcards
What is an epic?
A long poem that describes the actions and adventures of heroic or legendary figures
What is kelos?
Glory, fame, and immortality in memory of others
What is a hero?
Brave, stands up for beliefs, tough, has good morals, noble, does good deeds, a leader
Who wrote the Iliad?
Homer
Who are the most significant Greek gods in the Iliad?
Achilles, Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite
What role did the gods play in the lives of mortals?
They manipulated them
What sparked the Trojan war?
- A love triangle
- Paris stole Memelaus’ wife, Helen
What is a City-State?
Size of a city but functions as an independent nation
Delian league
Alliance of all the city states
Heinrich Schliemann
German businessman who believed he found the treasure of Priam (jewels of Helen). Also, he believed he found the death mask of Agamemnon
Schliemann believed the site of ancient Troy is modern day…
Turkey
What are the differences between Athens and Sparta?
Athens- gives everyone equal chances, always trying to get more, value in arts, big goals, reached a golden age
Sparta- warlike, not educated, slaves, farmers, shouldn’t desire wealth
What did Pericles attempt to do? What was his goal?
- He wants his city-state (Athens) to be successful
- helped Athens become a famous city
Why was Oedipus considered a tragic figure?
- Virtuous but destined for a downfall, noble character fallen through fate
- he was destined to kill his father and marry his mother
Fate
Destiny, development of events beyond a persons control
Free will
Ability of a person to make choices and control the course of their own life
How did Oedipus have fate?
-He tried to run away from his fate but in the end he couldn’t
How does Oedipus have free will?
He made his own decisions throughout his life
What was Achilles fate?
If he stayed and fought, his glory would live on
What are the different branches of philosophy?
- Metaphysics
- Ethics
- Epistemology
Metaphysics
-What’s what, reality
Ethics
-what’s good, value
Epistemology
What do we know, knowledge
How are Zeno and Heraclitus alike?
They both deal with metaphysics
How are Zeno and Heraclitus different
Zeno believes change is an illusion and doesn’t actually happen. Heraclitus believes change is always happening
Socrates
- Greek philosopher
- goal was to get people to think for themselves
- believed death is a gain, everlasting sleep
- believed the unexamined life is not worth living
Why was Socrates put to death?
for “corrupting the youth” by questioning the gods
Plato
The physical world is a copy of an ideal world
What is Plato’s allegory of the cave?
Our world-crumbled cookie
World of forms-cookie cutter world
Our world is imperfect and we need something more
What is plato’s realm of the forms?
Independent realm- eternal, unchanging, invisible
Basis for objects we see on earth
What is the purpose of Aristotle philosophy?
To prove our sensory experiences can inform our reality, show rational explanation for the physical world
Aristotle
- doesn’t agree with Plato, his ideas are more rational
- tried to prove there is more than one reason or cause as to why something exists
Aristotle’s 4 causes
Material cause- the physical matter that something is made of
Formal cause- what the thing is intended to be
Efficient cause- the method by which something is produced
Final cause- the reason it exists
Telos
End, purpose, or goal
What is a hegemony?
A dominant society exerting political, social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence of authority over others
What are the Punic wars?
Series of wars between Carthage and Greece
What were the consequences of the Punic wars?
Rome took over Greece and Carthage
What are characteristic and impact of Romes’s art and culture?
Art was shallow
Who was Spartacus?
A slave who tried to get freedom, started a slave uprising
How does the Roman republic expand into an empire?
They have a very strong military and keep defeating people and gaining their land
What brought about the fall of Rome?
Financial stuggles, eastern empire was wealthier, too big and didn’t have enough troops