Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

How many mechanical layers of the earth are there?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

The earth’s magnetic field protects the earth from what?

Answer 2

Solar radiation

Question 3

The “supercontinent” proposed by the continental drift theory was called what?

Answer 3

Pangea

Question 4

This event often happens when a dense oceanic plate converges with a less dense continental plate.

Answer 4

Subduction

Question 5

Which layer is earth’s only liquid layer?

Answer 5

Outer core

Question 6

When two tectonic plates are moving away from each other, the boundary is called what?

Answer 6

Divergent

Question 7

Which layer of the earth generates the magnetic field?

Answer 7

Outer core

Question 8

What natural phenomenon happens when the earth’s magnetic field is overloaded by solar radiation?

Answer 8

Aurora Borealis (the Northern Lights)

Question 9

What is the point IN the earth where an earthquake occurs called?

Answer 9

Focus

Question 10

What is often times the result of a continental convergent boundary?

Answer 10

Mountain ranges

Question 11

What are fractures in the earth called?

Answer 11

Faults

Question 12

What type of fault runs almost vertically through the surface and causes the blocks of the surface to move horizontally to each other?

Answer 12

Strike-slip

Question 13

What is the place ON THE SURFACE directly above where an earthquake occurs called?

Answer 13

Epicenter

Question 14

This type of boundary occurs where two tectonic plates move horizontally to each other.

Answer 14

Transform

Question 15

Why did Mars cool off and lose its magnetic field?

Answer 15

It’s too small of a planet

Question 16

Which layer of the earth is broken into the tectonic plates?

Answer 16

Lithosphere

Question 17

Earthquakes release energy in the form of…

Answer 17

Waves

Question 18

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 18

Heat and pressure under the earth’s surface

Question 19

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 19

Cooling of magma or lava

Question 20

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 20

Weathering and erosion combined with pressure

Question 21

The surface of sedimentary rocks often contains the remains of dead organisms called…

Answer 21

Fossils

Question 22

When the surfaces of metamorphic rocks are FOLIATED, they have…

Answer 22

Ribbon-like layers

Question 23

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 23

Magma is molten rock BELOW the earth’s surface, lava is molten rock ABOVE of the earth’s surface

Question 24

How is sedimentary rock turned into metamorphic rock?

Answer 24

Sedimentary rock is cemented and compacted by pressure, pushed down into the earth, and when heat is added to the pressure below the surface, it becomes a metamorphic rock

Question 25

What mineral is a 10 on the Mors scale?

Answer 25

Diamond

Question 26

Ionic bonds occur when one element does THIS with its electrons with another element

Answer 26

Gives up an electron

Question 27

Covalent bonds occur where two elements do THIS with their electrons

Answer 27

Share electrons

Question 28

What is precipitation?

Answer 28

When dissolved minerals come out of water

Question 29

How are silicates formed?

Answer 29

When magma cools and crystallizes

Question 30

Silicates are commonly used in what type of everyday product?

Answer 30

Technology

Question 31

This group is considered inorganic even though they contain carbon

Answer 31

Carbonates

Question 32

Marble and limestone belong to this mineral group

Answer 32

Carbonates

Question 33

This group makes up a majority of the earth's crust

Answer 33

Oxides

Question 34

Magnetite belongs to this mineral group

Answer 34

Oxides

Question 35

All minerals in this group contain SO4 in their chemical formula

Answer 35

Sulfates

Question 36

Minerals in this group are often the product of hydrothermal vents

Answer 36

Sulfides

Question 37

Salts, including table salt are members of this mineral group

Answer 37

Halides

Question 38

Diamonds, and many precious metals are members of this mineral group

Answer 38

Native elements

Question 39

What is weathering?

Answer 39

Wearing away of a surface due to long-term exposure to air, precipitation, elements, etc

Question 40

This process determines the age of rocks by comparing the laters in which they were found

Answer 40

Relative dating

Question 41

This geologic dating method is based on the decay of isotopes

Answer 41

Radiometric dating

Question 42

What do we call any missing or eroded section of a rock layer?

Answer 42

Unconformity

Question 43

This law states that younger rock layers are deposited on older rock layers

Answer 43

Superposition

Question 44

This occurs when fossils found in similar rocks, found on different continents, are the same age

Answer 44

Correlation

Question 45

This law states that rock layers that break through another are young than the rock they break

Answer 45

Cross-cutting relationships

Question 46

This law states that all rock layers are naturally deposited flat

Answer 46

Original Horizontality

Question 47

When a fossil species is only found to have lived a "short" period of time and are found in only one rock layer, they are called ________ fossils.

Answer 47

Index fossils

Question 48

The amount of time it takes for a sample of radioactive material to become stable is called the element's....

Answer 48

Half-life

Question 49

Fossils are most commonly found in which rock type?

Answer 49

Sedimentary

Question 50

What are two factors that promote the fossilization process?

Answer 50

Rapid burial and lack of oxygen

Question 51

What are the three basic rock types?

Answer 51

Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary

Question 52

What is the Parent/Daughter ratio of a sample after four half lives?

Answer 52

1:15