Semester 1 Final Review Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Bi-metallism
A
The cross of using silver and gold backed currency
2
Q
Grange
A
The patrons of husbandry- an organization for farmers to provide a social outlet and educational forum for isolated farm families
3
Q
Populism
A
A set of beliefs that revolves around the interests of the GENERAL POPULATION
4
Q
Populist Party
A
Helped give farmers and workers a stronger voice in the government
5
Q
Homestead Strike
A
Workers of the carnegie steel company (union members) went on strike
6
Q
Bessemer Process
A
A cost effective process in which iron is made into steel
7
Q
Thomas Alva Edison
A
The creator of safe and home usable electricity and light bulbs
8
Q
Transcontinental Railroad
A
A cross country railroad that provided a faster way of shipping products by connecting different parts of the US together
9
Q
Pullman Strike
A
The violent strike that occurred after George Pullman refused to lower the rent in his town after reducing his workers’ pay. Organized by the American Railway Union
10
Q
Andrew Carnegie
A
The owner of a very prestigious steel mill who monopolized the steel industry
11
Q
Verical Integration
A
Buying out the companies that provide the equipment and services needed for your company’s sucess
12
Q
Horizontal Integration
A
Buying out the companies in competition
13
Q
Captain of Industry
A
a business leader whose is rich and benefits the country/community in some way
14
Q
John D. Rockefeller
A
America’s first billionaire and the first person to monopolize the oil industry
15
Q
Robber Barons
A
A business owner that kills competitors and reduces the wages of their workers for their own profitable gain
16
Q
Gospel of Wealth
A
A book written by Andrew Carnegie and his new upper class and self-made fortune
17
Q
Ellis Island
A
Island in the harbor of New York that held the processing of millions of immigrants entering the US from europe
18
Q
Angel Island
A
Island off the coast of San Francisco that processed the immigrants entering the US from Asia
19
Q
Waves of Immigration
A
Millions of immigrants left their countries to seek a better life in the US
20
Q
Consequences of immigration
A
- finding work
- finding a place to live
- adapting to new culture and unfamiliar language
21
Q
Nativism
A
Favoritism towards native-born Americans
22
Q
Americanization movements
A
Designed to force people out of their cultures to adopt the dominant culture (American culture)
23
Q
Gentlemen’s Agreement
A
An agreement between the US and Japan to limit the emigration of unskilled workers in exchange for the removal of the San Francisco segregation order
24
Q
Chinese Exclusion Act
A
This act banned all chinese people that america didn’t find useful (students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials)
25
Cities
Became more urban, densely populated, and unsanitary
26
Gilded Age
Industrial era filled with great thinkers and inventors
27
Tenements
Overcrowded and unsanitary multi-family urban dwellings
28
Social Gospel Movement
Preached salvation through service to the poor and inspired many urging reformers to respond to the call to help the urban poor
29
Settlement Houses
Helped the slums of the neighborhoods and provided assistance to people in the area, mostly immigrants, and providing solutions financially and physically
30
Jane Addams
Was one of the most influential members of the movement to build settlement houses
31
Political Machine
Controlled the local governments in multiple major cities
32
Tammany Hall
Building in New York that was the center for corruption
33
Tweed Ring/Boss Tweed
William M. Tweed (Boss Tweed) lead a group of corrupt politicians (Tweed's Ring) whose goal was to defraud the city
34
Skyscrapers
Made expensive and limited land more useful by building upwards
35
W.E.B. Dubois
Believed African Americans should receive immediate equality
36
Booker T. Washington
Believed African Americans would receive equality gradually
37
Plessy v. Ferguson
Legalized Jim Crow laws until 1954
38
Progressive Movement
Reform efforts which aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life
39
Prohibition/Temperance
Banning the consumption and distribution of alcoholic beverages
40
Muckrakers
Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of businesses and public life in mass circulation magazines. Ida Tarbell was an example of a muckraker, when she exposed the truth behind Standard Oil Company
41
Movement to end child labor
Social Welfare reformers supported to the idea of child labor laws. But business owners didn't want child labor to end, because child labor was cheaper and more efficient than hiring adults
42
Federal Income Tax/ 16th Amendment
The Federal Income Tax allowed the government to deduct a certain amount of money, from your yearly earnings. In order to pay for health care and military defence costs
43
17th Amendment
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
The 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of our senators. Citizens could petition to place an INITIATIVE (a bill originated by the people). Then the voters could accept or reject the initiative by REFERENDUM (a vote on the initiative). The RECALL allowed voters to remove public officials from their elected positions
44
NAWSA
National American Woman's Suffrage Association was a group of women who opposed the consumption and distribution of alcoholic beverages
45
The Jungle
A book written by Upton Sinclair about the disgusting conditions of the meat packing industry, urging reform of the meat packing industry
46
Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt busted trusts (Or monopolies of any kind) to help even out the business playing field fair. Roosevelt also went into conservation to help save the nation's natural resources and wildlife. He helped establish multiple national parks and over 50 wildlife sanctuaries
47
Eugene v. Debs
The leader of the the big Pullman Strike
48
Meat Inspection Act 1906
Pushed for strict cleanliness requirements for meat packers
49
Pure Food and Drug Act
Stopped the sale of contaminated food and drugs and called for truth in labeling
50
WCTU
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
| urged for social reform by banning alcoholic beverages
51
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
| aimed for nothing less than full equality among the races
52
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by banning businesses from getting stocks from other businesses if doing so would create a monopoly
53
Strategies of suffragists
1) Painstaking organization
2) Close ties between local, state, and national workers
3) Establishing a wide base of support
4) Cautious lobbying
5) Gracious, ladylike behavior
54
19th Amendment
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Carrie Chapman Catt were all key players in granting women the right to vote. If women were not granted the right to vote then WWI would be losing some of it's biggest supporters.
55
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Prevented monopolies by banning illegal trusts between businesses
56
Queen Liliuokalani
She was the constitutional Queen of The Nation of Hawaii
57
Imperialism
Spreading a nations power and influence through its military force
58
Alfred T. Manhan
He was the captain of The U.S. Navy Fleet
59
Annexation of Hawaii
The U.S. decided to expand its power through imperialism, and decided to force Hawaii into annexation
60
Yellow Journalism
Overly exaggerating stories in present day news and publishing it on newspapers
61
Rough Riders/Teddy Roosevelt
The Rough Riders is the first volunteer cavalry set up for the Spanish-American war
62
USS. Maine
A boat that belonged to the U.S. was on the shores of Cuba protecting American citizens, was later mysteriously exploded
63
San Juan Hill
San Juan Hill is the name of a very critical battle during the Spanish-American war
64
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris formally ended the Spanish-American war.It also gave the U.S. control over Guam,Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
65
1906 Nobel Peace Prize
The winner of the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize was Teddy Roosevelt. For his negotiations leading to peace in the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-1905
66
Emilio Aguinaldo
He was the Philippines first president, and leading Philippine forces against Spain in the Philippine revolution
67
Open Door Policy
All countries should have equal access to any of the ports open to trade in China. Only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade
68
Grover Clevland
He was the 22nd and 24th president of the U.S.
69
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is a man made water way that has a set of locks to help a just to the water elevation. It was created by the Americans to help cut shipping time go a lot faster by boat
70
Spanish-American War
The Spanish-American war was a conflict between Spain and America, resulting in the intervention of the Cuban war for independence
71
Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary was a part added into the Monroe Doctrine by Roosevelt himself
72
Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
This saying meant that the United States would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America
73
Jeannette Rankin
She was the only member of the House to vote against the U.S. entering both WW1 and WW2
74
William Jennings Bryan
He was a Pacifist, and he believed that war was evil and that the United States should set an example of peace to the world
75
Allies
Triple Alliance Germany+Austria-Hungary+Italy. Then the next alliance is the Triple Entente France+Russia+Great Britain
76
Central Powers
The Central Powers consisted of The Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
77
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
He is assassinated sparking the start of WW1
78
Reasons for entering the WW1
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia joins and supports Serbia. Germany obligated by treaty declared war on Russia. Germany then declares war on France. Germany invades on neutral Belgium under the Schlieffen plan. Great Britain declares war on Germany. Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. France and Great Britain declare war on Austria-Hungary
79
Lusitania
A German U boat sank a British liner the Lusitania. 1,198 passengers died in the disaster and about 128 of them were American. America became outraged with Germany because of the loss of life
80
Zimmerman Note
A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico, that was intercepted by British agents. The telegram proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico and promised that if war with the United States broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering "lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
81
Selective Service Act (draft)
The act required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service
82
Convoy System
The system in which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean in groups
83
War Industries Board
The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. It also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products
84
Espionage & Sedition Acts
A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced up to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort
85
Great Migration
The large scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North. In order to escape racial discrimination of the South. In the North there were more job opportunities.
86
Schenck v. United States, 1919
Charles Schenck who was convicted of sedition and sentenced to prison. But he argued that his conviction and the law itself was violated his right to freedom of speech
87
Women and their contribution to the war effort
Women moved into jobs that had been held exclusively by men. They became rail road workers,cooks, dockworkers, and bricklayers. They filled every spot of employment that men couldn't due to there absence. Women also were active in their protests for women's right to vote
88
Fourteen points
1.There should be no secret treaties among nations
2.Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all
3.Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade
4.Firearms should reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, to lower the possibility of military response during diplomatic crisis
5.Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial people as well as the interests of the Imperialist powers.
The next eight points dealt with boundary changes.
89
League of Nations
The League of Nations would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war
90
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles established nine new nations including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia and shifted boundaries of other nations
91
Reparations
Germany had to pay REPARATIONS, or war damages, amounting to $33 billion in damages to the Allies
92
War-Guilt Clause
The treaty contained a WAR-GUILT CLAUSE forcing Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WW1
93
Henry Cabot Lodge
Conservative senators were headed by Henry Cabot Lodge himself
94
U-Boat/ submarine warfare
Germany used submarine warfare to secretly fire misles at hostile trespassing boats or enemys
95
Draft
Men would sign up for the draft, and be selected at random to join the U.S. Army and going in to combat
96
Rationing
Being given or actually giving someone a restricted amount of money, or food
97
Woodrow Wilson
The President of the United states through out WW1
98
Communism
An economical and political system based on a single party government ruled by a dictatorship
99
The Red Scare
After revolutionaries in Russian overthrew the czarist regime. The majority established a new communist state. Then a Communist party started in the U.S. some seventy thousand radicals joined. When several dozen bombs were mailed to government and business leaders, the public grew fearful that Communists were taking over
100
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
It set up a quota system which established the maximum number of people who could enter the U.S. from each foreign country
101
Palmer Raids/A. Mitchel Palmer
Palmer had hunted down any suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists. The trampled over peoples civil rights invading private homes, and jailing suspects. But Palmer failed to bring up and evidence of a revolutionary conspiracy or even explosives. Soon, the public decided that Palmer didn't know what he was talking about
102
Sacco & Vanzetti
Two Italians who evaded the draft during WW1, one shoemaker, and one fish peddler. They were later arrested for robbery and murder of a factory pay master and his guard. Though the witnesses said to have seen two Italians. Even though they provided solid alibis. The Jury still found them guilty and sentenced them to death
103
Isolation and Nativism
A wave of nativism, or prejudice against any foreign born people swept the nation. So did the belief of isolationism, a policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs
104
Harlem Renaissance
A cultural, social, artistic celebration that embraced the African American race
105
Installment Plan (buying on credit)
finally people could buy things right away while paying back the money in small installments month by month, until you have fully payed back the money you owed
106
Warren G. Harding
The 29th President of the United States. He was known as the most unsuccessful president. He left behind a legacy of scandals and unproductive time in the White House.
107
Calvin Coolidge
The 30th President of the United States. He was a supporter of American business.
108
Return to Normalcy
Warren G. Harding's campaign promise a Return to Normalcy. Which meant a return to the way of life before WW1
109
Tariffs in the 1920s
Taxes on imported goods were high, which helped American manufacturers eliminate foreign competitors
110
Herbert Hoover
The 31st President of the United States
111
Jazz Age
A WW1 post war movement 1920s, during which jazz music and dancing emerged into the mainstream culture
112
Flapper
An emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitude of the day
113
The Radio (why was it important culturally?)
The radio helped connect the people in different parts of the U.S. by spreading the news and multiple forms of entertainment
114
Car Companies
Multiple car companies such as Lincoln, Dodge, GMC, and most importantly Ford. They had all emerged in the automobile capitol Detroit
115
Automobiles
The invention of the automobile had changed nations culture to its economy
116
18th Amendment-Prohibition
Prohibition was the banning of the consumption and distribution of all alcoholic beverages
117
Fundamentalism
The literal interpretation of the bible was known as fundamentalism
118
KKK Resugence
As a result of the Red Scare and anti-immigrant feelings, different groups of bigots used anti-communism as an excuse to harass any group unlike themselves
119
Lost Generation-where did they go?
?
120
Expatroits
?
121
Marcus Garvey
An immigrant from Jamaica he believed that African Americans should build a separate society
122
Causes of the Great Depressioin
Unequal distribution of wealth. Farming crisis-Dust bowl, farmers were in debt. It was easy to buy on credit, as a result to many Americans went into debt
123
Speculation
That is, people bought stocks and bonds on the chance of a quick profit, while ignoring the risks
124
Causes of the crash
Unstable economy of the United States. A get rich attitude. An increase of investors who wanted to sell their stocks right away. Overproduction of stocks and over speculation. Buying on margin percentage of personal money as down payment plus money borrowed from stock brokers. Government policies of Republican Presidents and they wanted to lower taxes and raise tariffs
125
Distribution of wealth
The unequal distribution of wealth was a factor to the cause of the great crash
126
Buying on credit
People would buy many expensive products were bought with no intention of paying for the item. Digging people deeper into debt
127
Business cycle
1.When more goods are produced then those that are demanded
2.When surplus piled up the more workers that lost their jobs
3.When surplus got used up more workers were employed
KEY CONSUMERS NEED TO BUY
128
Bank failures
To many people were in debt so when the bank went to go and foreclose a home, and auction off their belongings dirt cheap no one had the money to buy anything. So the banks fell in to so much debt, account holders couldn't even withdraw their earnings
129
Who ran relief organizations
Soup kitchens provided a source of relief for those who were starving. Charities were started and in action to help those in need. Also labor unions were emerging to help workers earn higher wages and benefits, better working conditions, and better job security
130
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act
The highest import tax in history, made so that people would buy American products and help balance the economy
131
Buying on Margin
Purchasing stocks while paying a certain percentage as the down payment, and the rest would be later payed off to the stock broker
132
Dow Jones Industrial Average
The most widely used barometer of the stock market's health
133
Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929)
The Tragic day when the stock market crashed leaving millions devastated and in economic crisis
134
How did Hoover deal with the Depression?
Hoover spent money on building projects to provide jobs like the Hoover Dam
135
Why did Hoover appose government relief?
Hoover did not believe in giving federal money to individuals
136
What effect did the Depression have on people?
Not only did the depression it effect the U.S. socially, economically, and mentally
137
Hoovervilles, blankets, flags
Many people who lost their homes lived in shantytowns also known as Hoovervilles. Pretty much anything that symbolized the poor had a Hoover in the front
138
Reconstruction Finance Corperation
It authorized $2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, rail roads, and other large businesses
139
Bonus Army
A big group of unemployed veterans who were suffering form the effects of the depression. The wanted and protested for the early payment of the bonus entitled to veterans
140
Dust Bowl
The largest drought in history that hit the Southwest America, bringing dust in large clouds along with it. Making it impossible to farm crops
141
Communism vs. Socialism
.
142
Unions
Labor Unions emerged during the depression, enrollment in labor unions increase drastically
