Semester 2 exam review

Question 1

an acid that does not contain oxygen, such as hydrofuoric acid
has 2 elements

Answer 1

binary acid

Question 2

an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal

Answer 2

oxyacid

Question 3

a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system

Answer 3

entropy

Question 4

the amount of energy released or absorbed as heat by a system during a process at constant pressure

Answer 4

enthalpy change

Question 5

energy released

Answer 5

exothermic

Question 6

energy absorbed

Answer 6

endothermic

Question 7

a bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling

escape of a gas from the liquid in which it is dissolved in

Answer 7

effervescence

Question 8

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid

Answer 8

henry’s law

Question 9

a solution that can not dissolve any more solute

Answer 9

saturated solution

Question 10

a solution that is able to dissolve more solute

Answer 10

unsaturated solution

Question 11

make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it.

Answer 11

dilute

Question 12

the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a solution or mixture

Answer 12

concentration

Question 13

describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions

Answer 13

miscible

Question 14

describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other

Answer 14

immiscible

Question 15

factors that affect rate of dissolving

Answer 15

stirring, shaking, grinding for more surface area, and increasing the temperature

Question 16

charge goes up

loss of electrons

Answer 16

oxidation

Question 17

charge goes down

gain of electrons

Answer 17

reduction

Question 18

geometric formula for alkanes

Answer 18

CnH(2n+2)

Question 19

geometric formula for alkyl groups

Answer 19

CnH(2n+1)

Question 20

geometric formula for alkenes (double bonds)

Answer 20

CnH2n

Question 21

geometric formula for alkynes (triple bonds)

Answer 21

CnH(2n-2)

Question 22

methane

Answer 22

CH4

Question 23

the binding of an element to itself to form chains or rings

Answer 23

catenation

Question 24

all ______ are saturated

Answer 24

alkanes

Question 25

a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule increases the saturation of the molecule

Answer 25

addition reaction

Question 26

reaction in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule

Answer 26

substitution reaction

Question 27

reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine

Answer 27

condensation reaction

Question 28

reaction in which a simple molecule, such as water or ammonia, is formed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule

Answer 28

elimination reaction

Question 29

a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer

Answer 29

monomer

Question 30

a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units

Answer 30

polymer

Question 31

the number of electrons that must be added to or removed from an atom in a combined state to convert the atom into the elemental form

Answer 31

oxidation number

Question 32

saturated compounds have more

Answer 32

hydrogen

Question 33

all organic compounds contain

Answer 33

carbon

Question 34

alkenes and alkynes are

Answer 34

unsaturated

Question 35

R-O-R'

Answer 35

ether

Question 36

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called

Answer 36

isomers

Question 37

a base is described as a substance that increases the concentration of OH- in aqueous solution by

Answer 37

Arrhenius

Question 38

the gas released when an acid reacts with a metal is

Answer 38

hydrogen

Question 39

acid found in vinegar

Answer 39

acetic

Question 40

in the presence of an acid, phenoplthalein ____

Answer 40

stays clear

Question 41

according to bronsted-lowry, an acid is a molecule or ion

Answer 41

that is a proton donor

Question 42

any species that can react as either an acid or a base is described as

Answer 42

amphoteric

Question 43

products formed from a neutralization reaction

Answer 43

salt and water

Question 44

example of a triprotic acid

Answer 44

H3PO4

Question 45

acid that has tree ionizable protons per molecule

Answer 45

triprotic acid

Question 46

malic acid is found in

Answer 46

apples

Question 47

the most commonly used industrial aci

Answer 47

sulfuric acid

Question 48

acids taste

Answer 48

ssour

Question 49

a substance that ionizes nearly completely in aqueous solutions, producing H30+ is a

Answer 49

strong acid

Question 50

a solution that contains OH- from a soluble base is

Answer 50

alkaline

Question 51

HNO2

Answer 51

nitrous acid

Question 52

HCL

Answer 52

hydrochloric acid

Question 53

H2CO3

Answer 53

carbonic acid

Question 54

H3PO4

Answer 54

phosphoric acid

Question 55

nitric acid

Answer 55

HNO3

Question 56

acetic acid

Answer 56

CH3COOH

Question 57

chloric acid

Answer 57

HClO3

Question 58

sulfuric

Answer 58

H2SO4

Question 59

strong acids have a _____ bond energy

Answer 59

weak

Question 60

weak acids have a ____ bond energy

Answer 60

strong

Question 61

partially ionized in water so they do not produce much ions is a

Answer 61

weak acid

Question 62

bases cause red litmus to turn

Answer 62

blue

Question 63

an ion, atom, or molecule that is an electron pair acceptor

Answer 63

lewis acid

Question 64

an acid that can donate two protons per molecule is a

Answer 64

diprotic acid

Question 65

consists of anions and cations

Answer 65

salt

Question 66

an acid that can donate only one proton to a base

Answer 66

monoprotic acid

Question 67

melting

Answer 67

fusion

Question 68

opposing changes occurring at equal rates in a closed system

Answer 68

equilibrium

Question 69

readily evaporated

Answer 69

volatile

Question 70

a change directly from a gas to a solid

Answer 70

deposition

Question 71

the pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant volume

Answer 71

gay-lussac's law

Question 72

the volume of a fixed gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature

Answer 72

boyle's law

Question 73

the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is expressed by this law

Answer 73

combined law

Question 74

the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant temperature

Answer 74

charles' law

Question 75

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their partial pressures

Answer 75

dalton's law

Question 76

henry's law relates

Answer 76

pressure to gas- liquid solubility

Question 77

the tyndall effect is produced by

Answer 77

colloids

Question 78

as temperature increases, the solubility of gases in liquids

Answer 78

decrease

Question 79

a solution is a _____- mixture

Answer 79

homogeneous

Question 80

you can use the tyndall effect on

Answer 80

colloids

Question 81

shining a light through a colloid produces the

Answer 81

tyndall effect

Question 82

the dissolved substance is a solution is called the

Answer 82

solute

Question 83

example of a colloid

Answer 83

fog

Question 84

the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

Answer 84

dissociation

Question 85

ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction

Answer 85

spectator ion

Question 86

ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called

Answer 86

ionization

Question 87

substances that yield ions and conduct an electric current in solution

Answer 87

electrolytes

Question 88

the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher concentration

Answer 88

osmosis

Question 89

an insoluble solid formed when two solutions of ionic compounds are mixed together

Answer 89

precipitate

Question 90

the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree

Answer 90

specific heat

Question 91

the SI unit of heat energy

Answer 91

joule

Question 92

the combined enthalpy-entropy function

Answer 92

free energy

Question 93

in a gibbs free energy problem | a negative equation means the reaction is

Answer 93

spontaneous

Question 94

a number that relates the concentrations of starting materials and products of a reversible chemical reaction to one another at a given temepratre

Answer 94

equilibrium constant

Question 95

bases make phenolphthalein turn

Answer 95

hot pink

Question 96

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Answer 96

diffusion

Question 97

the separating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions

Answer 97

dissociation

Question 98

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly

Answer 98

catalyst

Question 99

the amount of energy as heat required to evaporate 1 mol of a liquid at constant pressure and temperature

Answer 99

molar enthalpy of vaporization

Question 100

the amount of energy as heat required to change 1 mol of a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature and pressure

Answer 100

molar enthalpy of fusion