Semester 2 Final

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 1

mutagen

Answer 1

a chemical or physical agent capable of causing changes in DNA called mutations

Question 2

prophase

Answer 2

1. chromatin changes into chromosomes
2. nuclear membrane breaks down
3. centrioles migrate
4. spindle fibers form

Question 3

metaphase

Answer 3

1. spindle fibers attach to centromeres
2. chromosomes are lined up in the middle

Question 4

anaphase

Answer 4

1. spindle fibers begin to contract
2. sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides
3. In animal cells, pinching begins

Question 5

telophase

Answer 5

1. nuclear membrane reforms and relaxes
2. chromosomes become chromatin
3. spindle fibers fall apart
4. plants- cell plate forms

Question 6

interphase

Answer 6

1. has 3 parts
2. the resting and growing phase
3. has G1, S, and G2 phases

Question 7

G1

Answer 7

1. carries out the cells day to day functions
2. grows in size

Question 8

Synthesis

Answer 8

makes exact copies of DNA

Question 9

G2

Answer 9

organelles double in size in preparation for cytokinesis

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

1. the final divisions of the cell
2. 1 cell with 2 nuclei becomes 2 cells with 1 nuclei

Question 11

centrioles

Answer 11

organelles in animal cells

Question 12

purpose of mitosis

Answer 12

divides the nucleus into 2 nuclei

Question 13

chromosome #

Answer 13

46 chromosomes; 23 pairs

Question 14

gamete

Answer 14

sex cells

Question 15

haploid

Answer 15

n

Question 16

diploid

Answer 16

2n

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein

Question 18

nucleotide

Answer 18

subunits that make up DNA

Question 19

DNA bases

Answer 19

adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C)

Question 20

RNA bases

Answer 20

adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), cytosine (C)

Question 21

homologous chromosomes

Answer 21

2 chromosomes - 1 inherited from mother and 1 from father - that have the same length and general appearance

Question 22

Structure of DNA

Answer 22

double helix; A-T, G-C

Question 23

genetic variation

Answer 23

the variety of traits among individuals within a population

Question 24

base pairs

Answer 24

A-T/U, G-C

Question 25

transcription

Answer 25

the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand or RNA

Question 26

codon