Unit 2

Question 1

What subunits make up proteins?

Answer 1

Amino Acids (20)

Question 2

Cells have 1000’s of enzymes to act as _________

Answer 2

catalysts

Question 3

Enzymes have an attachment site called the active site for the ________ to join

Answer 3

substrate

Question 4

What is the effect of excess heat or temperature on an enzyme?

Answer 4

It is denatured

Question 5

Lipids are nonpolar. What does this mean?

Answer 5

They have equal charge in their structure

Question 6

What makes up cell membranes?

Answer 6

Phospholipids

Question 7

Name a waxy lipid covering plants.

Answer 7

Cuticle

Question 8

What are fats made of?

Answer 8

an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acid chains. This is called a triglyceride

Question 9

If there are single carbon bonds in the fatty acid chain, then

Answer 9

it is saturated

Question 10

If there is double bonds between carbon in fatty acid chains, then

Answer 10

it is unsaturated

Question 11

Nucleic acid carries genetic information in a molecule called _________

Answer 11

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 12

DNA has the instructions for making a cells______

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

RNA copies DNA so _______ can be made

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

What are the subunits making up nucleic acid?

Answer 14

nucleotides

Question 15

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 15

sugar, phosphste, and a base

Question 16

What are the 4 main elements that make up 96% of an organism?

Answer 16

H, O, C, N

Question 17

Why is carbon able to form so many types of bonds?

Answer 17

It has the ability to form single, double, triple bonds, or straight chains, branched chains, rings

Question 18

What are macromolecules?

Answer 18

large, covalently bonded groups of atoms

Question 19

Name the 4 classes of macromolecules

Answer 19

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 20

What are the 2 categories all compounds can be classified into?

Answer 20

organic/inorganic

Question 21

What is an organic compound?

Answer 21

C-C and C-H bonds

Question 22

Name 3 elements your body needs trace amounts of for proper functioning

Answer 22

Iron, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulfur

Question 23

Name 2 ways your body uses carbohydrates

Answer 23

energy (provide and store) and it is part of the cell membrane (the outer coating)

Question 24

What are the subunits called that make up carbohydrates?

Answer 24

monosaccarides

Question 25

What is the ratio of C, H, O in monosaccarides?

Answer 25

C6 H12 O6

Question 26

Name 3 monosaccarides

Answer 26

glucose, fructose, dextrose

Question 27

What are disaccharides?

Answer 27

2 monosaccarides

Question 28

What are long chains of sugars?

Answer 28

starches

Question 29

Name 3 starches

Answer 29

Chitin, celllulose, glycogen

Question 30

Example of a disaccharide

Answer 30

sucrose

Question 31

What is hypertonic?

Answer 31

more salt, less water; higher concentration

Question 32

What is hypotonic?

Answer 32

less salt, more water; lower concentration

Question 33

What is isotonic?

Answer 33

Concentration is relatively even

Question 34

What are the cells called when they are hypertonic

Answer 34

A-crenated P-plasmolysed

Question 35

What are the cells called when they are hypotonic

Answer 35

A-lysed P-turgid

Question 36

Why do grocery stores spray pure water over their produce?

Answer 36

The hypotonic water will move in, giving the produce a healthier look

Question 37

Atoms connected by pairs of covalent bonds share ______

Answer 37

pairs of electrons

Question 38

From the information that 2 atoms have different proton counts, you can conclude that the atoms _______

Answer 38

belong to 2 entirely different elements

Question 39

Describe the charges in a water molecule

Answer 39

O- negative H- positive

Question 40

Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzyme's activity by breaking ________

Answer 40

hydrogen bonds

Question 41

How does an enzyme help speed up a chemical reaction?

Answer 41

It decreases the amount of energy that is needed , so it moves faster

Question 42

How does an atom become an ion?

Answer 42

An atom must gain or lose elctrons

Question 43

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 43

sharing of an electron pair between two atoms

Question 44

What kind of a reaction do enzymes have?

Answer 44

exothermic

Question 45

Are enzymes reusable?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

ATP stores energy in bonds between its ______

Answer 46

phosphate groups

Question 47

What is a central purpose of steroids in mammals

Answer 47

they serve as a chemical messengers

Question 48

When fatty acids cannot pack together tightly enough to make a solid fat, they have ________

Answer 48

fewer hydrogen atoms

Question 49

Which bonds could a single carbon atom have?

Answer 49

a triple bond and a single bond

Question 50

Describe a polymer

Answer 50

A large molecule made of smaller subunits

Question 51

Describe the structure of a nucleic acid

Answer 51

a chain of monomers composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitogenous base

Question 52

What form does carbon take after photosynthesis?

Answer 52

oxygen and sugar

Question 53

What form does carbon take after cellular respiration?

Answer 53

carbon dioxide and ATP

Question 54

What is the function of a protein?

Answer 54

it helps build and strengthen muscles

Question 55

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

Answer 55

it supplies the sugars needed for energy

Question 56

What is the function of a lipid?

Answer 56

It stores energy and nutrients in fat

Question 57

What is the function of a nucleic acid?

Answer 57

It creates DNA

Question 58

The fatty acid tails of phospholipids are _______

Answer 58

hydrophobic

Question 59

The heads of phospholipids are _______-

Answer 59

Hydrophillic

Question 60

Which property of water is most responsible for water moving from the roots to the leaves of a plant?

Question 61

Compared with the inputs of photosynthesis, the molecules that are outputs of photosynthesis will have _______ total number of atoms, ________ combined mass, and ________ chemical properties. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of the output molecules, as compared to the energy in bonds of the input molecules, will be ______

Answer 61

the same; the same; different; different

Question 62

Water is a _____

Answer 62

polar molecule that dissolves other polar molecules