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Science T4 > Semester 2 Science Revision > Flashcards

Semester 2 Science Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element

A

It is made up of only one type of atom.

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2
Q

Give 3 simple statements to define energy

A

Energy is the ability to do work.

Energy is needed to make things change or move.

All objects have energy.

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

The energy of movement.

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4
Q

What are 4 types of kinetic energy

A

heat energy, light energy, sound energy, electrical energy

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5
Q

What is potential energy

A

Energy that is stored within objects.

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6
Q

Give 4 types of potential energy

A

gravitational PE, elastic PE, chemical PE, nuclear PE

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7
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed.

Energy can only be transformed from one form to another.

Energy may be transferred but is never lost.

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8
Q

What happens to the energy of an object when heat is added

A

Energy is added to its particles

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9
Q

What is conduction

A

Conduction is a type of heat transfer that occurs when two solid objects are in direct contact.

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10
Q

What is convection

A

The transfer of heat from one place to another due to the circular movement of fluid.

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11
Q

What is radiation

A

Transfer of heat through infrared waves.

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12
Q

The particle model

A

All substances are made up of tiny particles.

The particles are attracted to each another.

The particles are always moving.

The hotter something is the faster its particles move.

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13
Q

What is an atom

A

building block of matter

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14
Q

What is a pure substance

A

It is made up of only one type of chemical substance.

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15
Q

What is a compound

A

It is made up of 2 or more types of atoms.

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16
Q

What is a metalloid

A

A non-metallic substance that has some of the properties of both metals and non-metals.

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17
Q

What is a monatomic element

A

An element that is made up of many individual atoms.

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18
Q

What bonds do compounds form

A

ionic bonds, covalent bonds

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19
Q

Covalent bonds

A

atoms share electrons

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20
Q

Ionic bonds

A

atoms lose or gain electrons

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21
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

Contains substances that are not evenly distributed and do not separate easily.

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22
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

It is not blended evenly and can be separated into its parts

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23
Q

Give 5 pieces of evidence of a physical change

A

change in shape, expansion or contraction, change in state, mixing or dissolving, a non-permanent colour change

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24
Q

Expansion

A

When particles are exposed to a higher temperature, absorb energy and convert to kinetic energy.

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25
Contraction
When a substance cools, particles lose energy.
26
Chemical change
new substance is formed, often irreversible
27
Physical change
When the physical properties of a substance change, but no new chemical substance is formed.
28
Give 5 pieces of evidence of a chemical change
new substance is formed, permanent colour change, often irreversible, gas is being formed, change in temperature
29
Exothermic
Reaction that release energy.
30
Endothermic
Reactions that take energy from their surroundings.
31
Reproduction
Process by which parents produce new individuals.
32
What are the two basic methods of reproduction
asexual, sexual
33
In sexual reproduction what is the male gamete
sperm
34
In sexual reproduction what is the female gamete
Ovum
35
Meiosis
Is the process that forms gametes.
36
What is the process that forms gametes?
Meisosis is when a single cell divides to produce 4 new cells which are non identical
37
Internal fertilisation
occurs inside the body
38
External fertilisation
occurs outside the body
39
male gamete of plants
pollen
40
female gamete of plants
ovule
41
what reproductive structures do flowering plants contain
male and female
42
stigma
site for pollen to be deposited
43
style
connects stigma to ovary
44
ovule
the name for the egg in plants
45
flower stalk
supports and displays the flower
46
petal
coloured parts that attract animals to allow for pollination
47
anther
produces pollen that contains the male gamete
48
filament
holds the anther
49
sepal
covers the flower in the bud and protects it
50
1st step for pollination
Pollen is produced in the anther
51
2nd step for pollination
The pollen is transferred to the stigma through wind, insects etc.
52
3rd step for pollination
The pollen develops a long tube. This grows down through the style, to the ovary, to the egg.
53
4th step for pollination
The male gamete drops down from the pollen, along the tube, to the female gamete in the ovary. These gametes fuse to make a seed
54
A fruit
is the remains of the ovary, plus all of the seeds within
55
Puberty
A time in life when one becomes sexually mature and becomes able to reproduce
56
Oestrogen
- stimulates release of egg from ovaries - responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics - develops uterus lining - produced in ovaries
57
Testosterone
- stimulates production of sperm in testes - produced in much smaller amounts in females - responsible for male secondary sex characteristics.
58
Progesterone
- produced in ovaries - thickens lining of uterus - stimulates release of eggs from ovaries - drop in levels causes menstruation and causes lining to shed - production also stimulated by implantation of a fertilised egg in the uterus lining
59
Stages of menstruation in order
1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase 4. if egg is not fertilised ovum disintegrate and lining sheds.
60
Follicular phase
ovum and uterus lining develops
61
Ovulation
ovum is released from ovary
62
Luteal phase
ovum travels through fallopian tube and has potential to be fertilised
63
4th phase
if egg is not fertilised ovum disintegrates and lining is shed
64
Menstruation
- Increase in Oestrogen and Progesterone leads to lining being built - Decrease in Progesterone leads to lining being shed - shedding of blood is menstruation - around 28 days
65
Indicator of puberty for females
when first ovulation occurs
66
Indicator of puberty for males
when first fertile sperm are produced
67
Bladder
Male- holds urine for excretion
68
Seminal Vesicle Gland
Male- releases liquid which mixes with sperm to form semen
69
Prostate
Male- produces alkaline liquid that neutralises the acidic conditions of the vagina
70
Sperm Duct
Male- tube that transports sperm from testes to penis
71
Testes
Male- After puberty, produces sperm continuously for the remainder of the males life
72
Scrotum
Male- protective sac of skin that holds the testes and responds to temperature change.
73
Urethra
Male- tube through which semen and urine leaves the body
74
Penis
Male- contains erectile tissue and urethra
75
Ovaries
Female- produces ova (eggs)
76
Vagina
Female- where semen enters the body and the passage through which babies are born.
77
Cervix
Female- during child birth it dilates (opens up) to let the baby out
78
Fallopian tube
Female- Ova (eggs) travel alone this tube to the uterus
79
Uterus
Female- Ovum is fertilised with sperm. The 'new cell' implants itself and grows into a baby.
80
Combustion reactions
Exothermic reaction, involves burning/exploding a substance in oxygen.
81
Examples of asexual reproduction in animals
Budding, Fission, Parthenogenesis
82
Copulation
Sperm are ejaculated from the penis into the vagina near the base of the cervix. Sperm then passes through the cervix into the uterus and swims towards the fallopian tubes. Most sperms die along the way.
83
Fertilisation
Sperm race to the egg. The nucleus of the first sperm to make it inside fuses with the nucleus of the egg.
84
What is a fertilised egg called?
Zygote
85
Stages of baby development
1. Zygote 2. Embryo 3. Foetus
86
Zygote
First cell that forms. This cell continues to divide and attaches to the uterine wall.
87
Embryo
- 10 days after fertilisation implantation of the blastocyst occurs - Placenta develops - After 8 weeks baby is referred to as an embryo - develops spinal cord, heart, liver, lungs
88
Foetus
- After 9 weeks referred to as foetus - starts to resembles a human - arms and legs develop - genitals (penis, vagina) develop - Start to grow inside the womb
89
3 properties of Non-Metals
State at room temperature- solid, gas or liquid Lustre- Usually dull Conductivity- can't usually conduct electricity or heat.
90
3 properties of Metals
State at room temperature- solid (except mercury) Lustre- shiny when polished Conductivity- conducts electricity and heat

Science T4 (1 decks)

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