Semester A

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

The sound of the language. How we produce sound

Question 2

Phonology

Answer 2

Rules and relations of the sound. Ch, sh

Question 3

Morphology

Answer 3

Study of the word structure.

Question 4

Syntax

Answer 4

Grammar

Question 5

Semantics

Answer 5

The meaning of words and sentences.

Question 6

Pragmatics

Answer 6

How we apply our knowledge of the language.

Question 7

Competence

Answer 7

Our knowledge of the language.

Question 8

Performance

Answer 8

The way we apply our knowledge to the use of the language.

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

Humans- can talk about things that aren’t happening right now or in front of them.
Animals- can only talk about right here and now.

Question 10

Arbitrariness

Answer 10

Humans- the relation between a written word and it meaning is arbitrary.
Animals- have final number of gestures with a relation.

Question 11

Creativity/productivity

Answer 11

Unique for humans. Can create new words or understand things they never heard before.

Question 12

Cultural transmission

Answer 12

Humans- acquire language by being exposed to it.

Animals- born with a set of signs.

Question 13

Duality

Answer 13

Humans- can manipulate the word and create new meanings.

Animals- use the same combination of sounds for one meaning only.

Question 14

What skills of the human language chimpanzees were able to acquire?

Answer 14

Comprehension and sign language.

Question 15

What skills chimpanzees weren’t able to acquire?

Answer 15

Reading and speech.

Question 16

Innateness theory

Answer 16

Language is an inborn ability. Every new born can acquire the language he is exposed to by his care takers.

Question 17

Poverty of stimulusy:
Plato’s paradox
Double dissociation

Answer 17

People have a lot of knowledge about a language that they can’t explain. A lot of knowledge even though we teach very little about the language itself.

Question 18

Plato’s paradox

Answer 18

Biology is responsible for the easy acquisition of a language. A basic biological ability. Chomsky believed we can acquire complex language through very basic and limited teaching of it.

Question 19

Double dissociation

Answer 19

The brain. There is a special part in our brain that allows us to acquire language.

Question 20

Aphasia

Answer 20

A linguistics damage to the brain that comes after brain injury.

Question 21

Broca’s

Answer 21

Damage to the speech ability. Struggle to form grammatical sentences. Lack of articles, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliaries and past -ed.
Located on the front left lobe

Question 22

Wernick’s

Answer 22

Damage to comprehension. Will talk fluently but will make no sense.
Located on the left lobe.

Question 23

Critical age hypothesis

Answer 23

Until the age of 6 we have an ability to acquire language as an L1. Afterwards it is not possible to achieve that level of efficiency. Syntax should be taught that age.

Question 24

The case of Genie

Answer 24

Was kept isolated by her father until she was 14. Knew how to pronounce words that express her needs without auxiliaries, pronouns, prepositions and asking questions.
Genie full stomach.
She missed the critical age and didn’t acquire syntax.

Question 25

The autonomy of SLI

Answer 25

Specific language impairment. Delayed or disordered language development among children for no apparent reason.

Question 26

Universal grammar- universality

Answer 26

Grammar rules who are the same for all languages.

Question 27

Generality

Answer 27

Language is information. Knowledge of sounds, words rules, meaning.

Question 28

Parity

Answer 28

All languages are equal.

Question 29

Descriptive grammar

Answer 29

Teaching grammar rules by describing what the learner already knows in his mind.

Question 30

Prescriptive grammar

Answer 30

Teaching grammar by prescribe the learner how to use the language as if he knows nothing.

Question 31

Lexical parts of speech

Answer 31

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Prepositionss

Question 32

Morphemes

Answer 32

The smallest unit of meaning.

Question 33

Morphological distribution

Answer 33

Micro look at the word we want to analyze. Affixes change meaning or providing with grammatical information.

Question 34

Possessive adjectives

Answer 34

My, your, his, her, it’s, our, their.

Question 35

Demonstrative adjectives

Answer 35

This, that, these, those.

Question 36

Interrogative adjectives

Answer 36

Question words.

Question 37

Multimorphemic/ complex word

Answer 37

Word with more than one unit of meaning.

Question 38

Free lexical morpheme

Answer 38

Contains the content. | Nouns, verbs and adjectives.

Question 39

Free functional morphemes

Answer 39

Words that will not appear without an other part of speech.

Question 40

Bound derivational

Answer 40

Affixes that change the meaning but can’t stand on its own.

Question 41

Bound inflectional

Answer 41

When the affixes only gives us grammatical information.

Question 42

Coinage

Answer 42

General meaning gets used to refer to anything that has the same function of the original. To google. Or, named on a person- Sandwich.

Question 43

Borrowing

Answer 43

Words from other languages. | Piano, croissants.

Question 44

Compounding

Answer 44

Combining whole two words into one. Butterfly.

Question 45

Blending

Answer 45

Combining parts of two words to form a new word. Motel.

Question 46

Clipping

Answer 46

Shortening a longer word. Lab=laboratory.

Question 47

Back formation

Answer 47

Word is formed from another word by taking off affixes. -er profession.

Question 48

Conversion

Answer 48

The use of one word for few meanings. | Major, must.

Question 49

Acronyms

Answer 49

Initial letters. USA.

Question 50

Derivation

Answer 50

Affixes that change the meaning.