Syntax Flashcards
(21 cards)
Coinage
New terms.
Google, aspirin.
Borrowing
Words from other languages.
Croissant
Compounding
Combine two whole words into one.
Notebook.
Blending
Combine parts of two words into one.
Motel
Clipping
Shortening a long word.
Lab
Back formation
Word is formed from another word by taking off an affix.
-er
Conversion
The extension of the use of one word from its original category.
Major
Acronyms
Initial letters.
USA
Derivation
Affixes that change the meaning of a word.
Un-, -less, -ful
Syntax rule 1: word order
Specify the correct word order for a language. CVO
Meaning and arrangement
The word order contributes to the meaning.
I say what I mean, I mean what I say.
Grammatical relations
Provide the information about who is doing whom.
Other constraints
Specific verbs behave differently with the respect of the words may follow them.
Believe
Words group in a sentence
Ambiguous, words can be grouped in more than one way.
What grammar is not based on?
If the sentence was heard before.
If it is untrue.
If the sentence doesn’t mean anything.
Constituents
Words that are grouped together
The three tests for constituents
- Word replacement- replaced by one word and keep the same meaning.
- Move together in a sentence.
- Can stand alone.
Simple sentence
Has one subject and one predicate.
Compound sentence
Has more than one part that can stand alone and being connected by coordinating conjunctions or ;
Complex sentence
Has a least two parts:
A part that can stand alone and another that is not and connected to the sentence by a subordinating conjunction (after, as, because, before, how, since, than)
Compound complex sentence
Has more than one part that stands alone and at least one that cannot.
