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INTEGUMENTARY > Seminar > Flashcards

Seminar Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common bony prominence for pressure injuries in supine?

A

Sacrum and Coccyx

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2
Q

What pressure ulcer risk factor is associated with Cancer?

A

Increased body temp.

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3
Q

What pressure ulcer risk factor is associated with Hypotension?

A

Nutritional issues

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4
Q

What pressure ulcer risk factor is associated with Obesity/ Low body weight?

A

Impaired mental status

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5
Q

What pressure ulcer risk assessment tool has the highest reliability?

A

Braden Scale

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6
Q

What indicates at risk for the Braden scale?

A

18 and higher

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7
Q

What is the stage of the pressure ulcer that refers to” shallow ulcer without sloughing or bruising”?

A

Stage 2 NPUAP

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8
Q

What is the usual complication of NPUAP Stage 4 pressure ulcer?

A

Osteomyelitis (Bone infection)

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9
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing osteomyelitis?

A

Bone biopsy

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10
Q

When should an eschar should not be removed?

A

When there is stable eschar (dry adherent and intact without erythema or fluctuance) which acts as a natural cover and protection.

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11
Q

___ ulcer is caused by sensory neuroparthy.

A

Diabetic ulcer

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12
Q

What is the etiology of venous ulcers?

A

Ambulatory venous hypertension

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13
Q

What common joint site is most commonly affected in Charcot’s joint?

A

Lisfranc joint/ Tarsometatarsal joint

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14
Q

What is the gold standard for treating diabetic ulcer?

A

Total contact casting

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15
Q

What is the most important lab value?

A

Serum albumin

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16
Q

What does low albumin mean?

A

Increased protein intake to a nutritionist for the pt.

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17
Q

What is the difference between scab and eschar?

A

Eschar is firmly adherent and concave whereas the scab is convex and loosely to firmly adherent.

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18
Q

What is the difference of the texture between eschar and scab?

A 
Eschar = Soft to hard, smooth and leathery
Scab = Rough
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19
Q

For PLWS what are the parameters for pressure and suction?

A 
Pressure = 4-15 mmHg
Suction = 80-100mmHg
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20
Q

What is a contraindication to sharp debridement?

A

Anticoagulant meds like Heparin/ Warfarin

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21
Q

What are the agents for enzymatic debridement? Enumerate its specific enzymes.

A

Proteolytic & Fibrinolytic
enzymes and Collagenase

Proteolytic & Fibrinolytic
enzymes = Elase, travase, Others (Papain, streptokinase, streptodornase, sutilains)

Collagenase = Santyl

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22
Q

What selective debridement will you choose if the amount of granulation tissue is less than the amount of necrotic tissue?

A

Enzymatic

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23
Q

What selective debridement will you choose if the amount of granulation tissue is greater than the amount of necrotic tissue?

A

Autolytic

24
Q

What topical antibacterial agent is good for MRSA but not used for Pseudomonas?

A

Mupirocin 2%

25
Q

What topical antibacterial agent is good broad-spectrum vs. gram negative bacteria?

A

Gentamicin sulphate

26
Q

What is the effect of US during the inflammatory phase?

A

US facilitates the release of histamine from mast cells to shorten inflammatory period

27
Q

What is the effect of US during the proliferative phase?

A

US increases the activity of fibroblasts to help you form the collagen

28
Q

The application of electrical stimulation is __ days anode and ___ days cathode.

A

Application: 3 days cathode then 3 days anode

29
Q

What is the side effect of immunosuppressive agents to wound healing?

A

Affects fibroblast function, collagen synthesis, & phagocytic action in the wound

30
Q

What is the side effect of Antiprostaglandins to wound healing?

A

Decrease in blood supply (constriction)

31
Q

Prednisone is both a corticosteroid and a ___.

A

Immunosuppressive agent

32
Q

What are the topical cytotoxic agents that are bacteriostatic?

A

Hydrogen Peroxide and Acetic Acid

33
Q

What is the indication of Sodium Hypochlorite?

A

Sodium Hypochlorite for Staph. Aureus

34
Q

What is the formula for Dakin’s Solution?

A

0.4-0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite and 0.4% Boric Acid

35
Q

What is the indication for Dakin’s Solution?

A

Staphylococci, Streptococci and Pyocyaneus microorganisms

36
Q

What topical agent refers to 0.005% solution is bactericidal but not cytotoxic

A

Sodium Hypochlorite

37
Q

What is the side effect of immunosuppressive agents to wound healing?

A

Affects fibroblast function, collagen synthesis, & phagocytic action in the wound

38
Q

What is the side effect of Antiprostaglandins to wound healing?

A

Decrease in blood supply (constriction)

39
Q

Prednisone is both a corticosteroid and a ___.

A

Immunosuppressive agent

40
Q

__% solution is bactericidal but not cytotoxic (Sodium Hypochlorite)

A

0.005% solution is bactericidal but not cytotoxic (Sodium Hypochlorite)

41
Q

What is the indication of Sodium Hypochlorite?

A

Sodium Hypochlorite for Staph. Aureus

42
Q

Which substance functions to stabilize membrane structure & function, acts as a cofactor in enzyme systems, affects immune response, & inhibits bacterial growth?

A

Zinc

43
Q

What is the difference between cellulitis and dermatitis?

A

Cellulitis = Infection of soft tissues with fever

Dermatitis = Inflammation of tissues without fever

44
Q

What are the ff. enzymes used for?
Elase
Travase
Santyl

A 
Elase = Venous ulcers with fibrinous exudates/ glassy edematous wounds
Travase = Wounds with eschar
Santyl = Stubborn necrotic collagen
45
Q

What are the poorly vascularized areas that are usually affected with arterial ulcers?

A

Toes, dorsum of the foot, lateral malleolus and anterior tibia

46
Q

What is the primary goal of treating arterial ulcers?

A

The primary goal is to increase the circulation to the area in question.

47
Q

What is the topical agent most effective with adhered biofilms?

A

Surfactants (Saf Clens)

48
Q

__% solution is bactericidal but not cytotoxic (Sodium Hypochlorite)

A

0.005% solution is bactericidal but not cytotoxic (Sodium Hypochlorite)

49
Q

Which substance functions to provide the structural components for wound
healing; proteins?

A

Amino Acids

50
Q

Which substance functions to stabilize membrane structure & function, acts as a cofactor in enzyme systems, affects immune response, & inhibits bacterial growth?

A

Zinc

51
Q

What is the difference between cellulitis and dermatitis?

A

Cellulitis = Infection of soft tissues with fever

Dermatitis = Inflammation of tissues without fever

52
Q

Enumerate 5 signs of infection.

A 
Low grade fever
Local pain
Inc. local temp.
New breakdown
Abnormal discharge
53
Q

What are the poorly vascularized areas that are usually affected with arterial insufficiency?

A

Toes, dorsum of the foot, lateral malleolus and anterior tibia

54
Q

What is the primary goal of treating arterial ulcers?

A

The primary goal is to

increase the circulation to the area in question.

55
Q

What is the topical agent most effective with adhered biofilms?

A

Surfactants

56
Q

Besides histamine what else do mast cells release?

A

Heparin and serotonin

INTEGUMENTARY (2 decks)

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