sensation and perception (5)

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

physiological process Occurs when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor

Question 2

Sensory receptors

Answer 2

specialized neurons that respond to specific stimuli

Question 3

Absolute Threshold

Answer 3

The minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time (humans cannot hear as well as animals)

Question 4

Transduction

Answer 4

conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential (5 senses plus more)

this is when the sensory receptors convert their energy into the stimuli

Question 5

Subliminal Message

Answer 5

a message hidden in the bigger picture

Question 6

Just noticeable difference

Answer 6

the minimum amount of change in a stimulus that an individual can detect a small difference

Question 7

Perception

Answer 7

psychological process. The way that sensory information is interpreted, organizes, and consciously experienced

Question 8

Bottom-up Processing

Answer 8

system in which perceptions are built from sensory input (have a cut, oh no)

Question 9

Wavelength

Answer 9

Peak of the wave

Question 9

Top-Down processing

Answer 9

interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts (have a cut- my nail must’ve got it, the dog must’ve scratched me)

Question 10

What factors influence Perception?

Answer 10

a.) motivation: if something isn’t buzzing but we think it is
b.) Beliefs, Values, Prejudices, and Expectations: personality traits
c.) Life/Cultural Experiences
d.) sensory adaptations: if a phone blinks for hours we wont notice it
e.) attention: gorilla video

Question 11

Amplitude

Answer 11

height of the wave

Question 12

Frequency

Answer 12

directly related to wavelength, number of waves that pass in a given amount of times, the lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength

Question 13

Cornea

Answer 13

clear membrane, protects the eye, focuses light (concussion tests)

Question 14

PRK and LASIK

Answer 14

small incisions into the cornea for surgery

Question 15

Lens

Answer 15

clear structure behind the iris, focuses light on the retina

Question 15

Pupil

Answer 15

part where light enters the eye

Question 16

Iris

Answer 16

(eye color) round muscle around pupil, size changes to help focus

Question 17

Optic Nerve

Answer 17

carries visual information from the retina to the brain

Question 17

Retina

Answer 17

Back of the eye, final stop for light, rods and cones, sends signals to the brain through the optic nerve

Question 18

Blind Spot

Answer 18

spot where you cannot see within the visual field

Question 19

Optic Chiasm

Answer 19

where both optic nerves merge together, x-shaped, right visual field sent to left side, sends info to the occipital nerve

Question 20

Cones

Answer 20

Color vision and spacial awareness

Question 21

Rods

Answer 21

non-color vision and detection of movement

Question 22

Visual transduction:

Answer 22

light travels to occipital lobe

Question 23

Trichromatic Theory

Answer 23

there are three types of cones long (reds), medium (greens), short (blues)

Question 24

Opponent Process Theory

Answer 24

Red-Green Blue-Yellow Black-White (if one is struggling, so is the other one)

Question 25

Afterimage

Answer 25

continual visual sensation (american flag perpetually there)

Question 26

Pain perception

Answer 26

-Anxiety and fear increase pain -Mindfulness and sense of control decrease pain -Inflammatory Pain: signal tissue damages (paper cut) -Neuropathic Pain: caused by damage to neurons of wither the peripheral or central nervous system (shoulder surgery) | experiencing pain

Question 27

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 27

Brain creates a perception that is more than simply the sum of sensory inputs, and it does so in predictable ways | whole is greater than parts

Question 28

Rotating Snakes

Answer 28

Microsaccades: tiny images that make your eyes jerk and force movement in photos that really isn't there

Question 29

Müller-Lyer illusion

Answer 29

the lines are the same length but one looks smaller because of arrow direction