lifespan development (9) Flashcards

Question

accomodation

Answer 1

change schema based on new information

Answer 2

(0-2 years) children learn about the world through senses and motor behavior object permanence: an object exists even when not in sight develop stranger anxiety

Answer 3

(2-6 years) use symbols to represent words, images, ideas language development lack logic egocentric lack conservation irreversibility

Answer 4

inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes

Answer 5

think changing the appearance of an object changes it

Answer 6

inability to mentally reverse an action

Answer 7

(7-11 years) can perform logical operations understand real events no abstract thought develop conservation reversibility

Answer 8

understand that changing the appearance of an object does not change the size of the object

Answer 9

ability to mentally reverse an action

Answer 10

(12+ years) can reason abstractly and hypothetically renewed egocentrism

Answer 11

Vygotsky human development is rooted in one's culture and historical influences Child’s social world forms basis for the formation of language and thought Individual’s interactions with their environment influences their development

Answer 12

Kohlberg 3 levels and 6 stages of moral development 1.) pre-conventional 2.) conventional 3.) post-conventional the study of how people develop a sense of right and wrong as they grow

Answer 13

should the man have stolen the drug to save his wife? more interested in the reasoning than yes or no people in the highest moral stage argued he should have stolen the drug

Answer 14

disagreed with Kohlberg men and women reason differently girls and women focus more on interpersonal relationships

Answer 15

born with reflexes that help us survive

Answer 16

turn head towards something that touches their cheek

Answer 17

suck on objects placed by their mouth

Answer 18

cling to objects placed in their hands

Answer 19

spreads arms and pulls them back in when they feel like they’re falling

Answer 20

focus on the muscles in our fingers, toes, and eyes, and enable coordination of small actions (ex. Gripping a pencil, grasping a toy)

Answer 21

focus on large muscle groups that control arms and legs and involve larger movements (ex. Balancing, running, or jumping)

Answer 22

neural pathways form thousands of new connections during infancy and toddlerhood

Answer 23

neural connections are reduced during childhood and adolescence to allow the brain to function more efficiently

Answer 24

6-9 months: can shake their heads “no” 9-12 months: respond to verbal requests (ex. wave-bye), develop permanence 1-2 years (i.e, toddlers): understand someone will come back when they leave the room, will look in appropriate places when asked to find objects 3-5 years: learn to count, name colors, know their name and age, can make small decisions, understand basic time concepts, enjoy pretend play, become more curious, develop theory of mind (understand that i am my own person) 6-11 years: logical and organized thinking, understand past, present, and future, can plan and work towards goals, understand cause-and-effect relationships, basic math skills

Answer 25

Cooing (2-3 months) Babbling (6 months) One-Word Speech (1 year) “Milk”- “I want milk” Meaningful Combinations (1.5 years) “Me up” Whole Sentences (5+ years)

Answer 26

occurs as children form relationships, interact with others, and understand and manage their feelings

Answer 27

a long standing connection or bond with others

Answer 28

parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as they explore their surroundings

Answer 29

Mary Ainsworth Caregiver and infant are placed in a room together, with toys Stranger enters the room and caregiver leaves Caregiver returns to the room 3 types of style attachment developed + a fourth later 1.) secure 2.) avoidant 3.) resistant/ambivalent 4.) disorganized

Answer 30

child uses the parent as a secure base from which to explore

Answer 31

Unresponsive to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves

Answer 32

Show clingy behavior, but then reject caregivers attempts to interact with them Become extremely disturbed or angry with parent, difficult to comfort upon return

Answer 33

Show odd, inconsistent behavior around caregiver Common when child has been abused

Answer 34

Has reasonable demands and consistent limits Expresses warmth and affection Listens to the child’s point of view Sets rules and explain them, but flexible and willing to make exceptions (most encouraged) impact: children have high self-esteem and social skills

Answer 35

Rule-oriented Strict Controlling Cold Impact: children are unhappy, anxious, and withdrawn

Answer 36

Make few demands Establish few rules or limits Play the role of a friend rather than parent Nurturing and loving Rarley use punishment Impact: children lack self-discipline, tend to have lower grades, engage in risky or disruptive behaviors, but also higher self-esteem, strong social skills, and low levels of depression

Answer 37

Indifferent Neglectful Make few demands Nonresponsive to child’s needs Impact: children are emotionally withdrawn, fearful, anxious, have lower grades, and are at a greater risk of substance abuse

Answer 38

begins at puberty, ends at emerging adulthood no longer a child, but a self-supporting adult peers become more influential Predictable physical, cognitive, and psychosocial milestones

Answer 39

physical changes in the body allow for sexual reproduction

Answer 40

Frontal lobe: responsible for judgment, impulse control, and planning May explain why adolescents engage in increased risk-taking behaviors and emotional outbursts (frontal lobe still developing!)

Answer 41

Consider, form, and debate ideas and opinions (e.g., politics, religion, justice) Cognitive empathy (theory of mind) – the ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for others

Answer 42

Experiment with and develop identity and roles Adolescents refine their sense of self as they relate to others (Who am I? Who do I want to be?) May adopt the values and roles that parents expect for them May develop identities that are in opposition to their parents but align with a peer group Peer relationships become a central focus in adolescents’ lives

Answer 43

newly defined period 18- mid-20's identity exploration is focused on work and love

Answer 44

Physical abilities are at their peak

Answer 45

Gradual declines: skin loses elasticity (wrinkles form), visual acuity decreases, women experience menopause, men and women both tend to gain weight, hair begins to thin and turn gray

Answer 46

Skin continues to lose elasticity, reaction time slows further, muscle strength diminishes, and smell, taste, hearing, vision decline, memory loss

Answer 47

active lifestyle close relationships independence accepting aging

Answer 48

Culture and individual backgrounds influence how we view death

Answer 49

Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance