Sensation and Perception part 1 Lecture

Question 1

What is Sensation?

Answer 1

the initial process of encoding environmental

Question 2

What is Perception?

Answer 2

the process of interpreting the information received from the senses

Question 3

What two parts of the eye bend light to create and image on the retina?

Answer 3

The cornea and the lens

Question 4

Which cells convert light energy into electrical signals?

Answer 4

The photoreceptors

Question 5

What are the names of the two types of photoreceptors?

Answer 5

the rods and cones

Question 6

How are the rods different from the cones?

Answer 6

rods are larger, very sensitive to light, do not support color vision, and used in low illumination

cones are smaller, less sensitive to light, can be used to see color, and used in high illumination

Question 7

Why does dark adaptation occur?

Answer 7

the photoreceptors regenerate their photopigments

Question 8

How many neurons are there in each optic nerve?

Answer 8

one million ganglion cells

Question 9

How many different types of cones are there?

Answer 9

Three

Question 10

Why is colorblindness more common in men than women?

Answer 10

The genes that code for the photopigments are on the X chromosome. If all of a person’s X chromosomes have colorblind genes, then the person will be colorblind

Question 11

What is a monochromat?

Answer 11

have one cone type and see in black and white

Question 12

What is a dichromat?

Answer 12

have two cone types and can either be Red-Green colorblind or Blue-Yellow colorblind

Question 13

What is an anomalous trichromat?

Answer 13

they have one cone type with an abnormal pigment. Have trouble distinguishing certain shades of color

Question 14

What is a tetrachromat?

Answer 14

have four cone types and can see 100 times as many colors as a normal trichromat

Question 15

Which cells in the retina send color information to the brain?

Answer 15

ganglion cells

Question 16

What are the three types of ganglion cells?

Answer 16

Red-Green, Blue-Yellow, and Black-White

Question 17

What produces color afterimages?

Answer 17

when ganglion cells become fatigued

Question 18

What are three pieces of evidence that face recognition differs from the process of recognizing other objects?

Answer 18

1. different parts of the brain are responsible for the two tasks
2. faces are more difficult to recognize in photographic negatives than objects
3. faces are more difficult to recognize when they are upside down than objects

Question 19

What are the three variables that determine how attractive people will find a face?

Answer 19

1. the more symmetrical
2. the closer they are the average face in a population
3. if they exaggerate sex specific features of the face

Question 20

What is change blindness?

Answer 20

people often miss large changes in scenes because the form perception areas can only process a small part of the scene at any one time

Question 21

In what lobe of the brain are the motion perception areas?

Answer 21

parietal lobe

Question 22

What is akinetopsia?

Answer 22

motion blindness

Question 23

What depth cue is used to make 3D movies?

Answer 23

Binocular disparity

Question 24

How does the Ames room manipulate depth cues?

Answer 24

the depth cues make you think both corners of the room are the same distance away

Question 25

How does the Muller-Lyer illusion work?

Answer 25

by manipulating vertices to make one line appear to be bulging toward you and the other away from you

Question 26

What is the Ponzo illusion?

Answer 26

the railroad tracks have depth cues that make the top bar look further away and thus bigger

Question 27

What is responsible for the moon illusion?

Answer 27

depth cues on the surface of the earth