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SENSES Flashcards

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1
Q

state the 2 Basic Groups of Senses

A

General Senses
Special Senses

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2
Q

State the general senses

A
  • Somatic senses
  • Visceral senses
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3
Q

provide information about various internal organs primarily involving pain and pressure

A

Visceral senses

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4
Q

provide sensory information about the body and the environment

A

Somatic senses

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4
Q

State some examples of special senses

A
  • Smell (olfaction)
  • Taste
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Balance
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5
Q

State some examples of General senses: SOMATIC

A

Touch
Pain
Pressure
Temperature
Proprioception

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5
Q

State some examples of General senses: VISCERAL

A

Pain
Pressure

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6
Q

general senses located in skin, muscles, joints

A

Somatic

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6
Q

general senses located in internal organs

A

visceral

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6
Q

sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials

A

SENSORY RECEPTORS

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7
Q

respond to mechanical stimuli, such as the bending or stretching of
receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

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8
Q

respond to chemicals
* For example, odor molecules bind to chemoreceptors, allowing us to perceive smell

A

Chemoreceptors

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9
Q

respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

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10
Q

respond to temperature changes

A

Thermoreceptors

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10
Q

respond to stimuli that result in the sensation of pain

A

Nociceptors

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11
Q

GENERAL SENSES

A
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Vibration
  • Itch
  • Proprioception
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11
Q

state the touch receptors

A
  • Merkel disks
  • Hair follicle receptors
  • Meissner corpuscles
  • Ruffini corpuscles
  • Pacinian corpuscles
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12
Q

light touch and superficial pressure

A

Merkel disks

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13
Q

associated with hairs; involved in detecting light touch (not very
discriminative)

A

Hair follicle receptors

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13
Q

continuous pressure in the skin

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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14
Q

fine, discriminative touch and are located just deep to the epidermis

very specific in localizing tactile sensations

A

Meissner corpuscles

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15
Q

deepest receptors; associated with tendons and joints

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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15
Q

relay information concerning deep pressure, vibration, and body position (proprioception)

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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16
Q

Group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences

A

Pain

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16
Perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus
Referred Pain
17
Referred Pain is most commonly sensed when?
when deeper structures, such as internal organs, are damaged or inflamed
18
Smell (olfaction)
chemoreceptors
19
taste
chemoreceptors
20
vision
photoreceptors
21
hearing
mechanoreceptors
22
Balance
mechanoreceptors
23
sensory structures that detect taste stimuli located on the surface of the tongue (papillae)
Taste Buds
24
State the 5 Basic Type of Taste sensations
* Sour * Salty * Bitter * Sweet * Umami (savory)
24
Taste sensations are carried to the brain by three cranial nerves. State them
* Facial nerve * Glossopharyngeal nerve * Vagus nerve
25
anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Facial nerve
25
posterior one-third
Glossopharyngeal nerve
26
root of the tongue
Vagus nerve
27
Eyes are housed within ???
bony cavities called orbits
28
Accessory Structures of the Eye
* Eyebrows * Eyelids * Conjunctiva * Lacrimal apparatus * Extrinsic eye muscles
28
Visual system includes the ?
eyes accessory structures sensory neurons
29
protect, lubricate, and move the eye
Accessory Structures of the Eye
29
protect the eyes by preventing perspiration from running down the forehead and into the eyes, causing irritation. They also help shade the eyes from direct sunlight
eyebrows
29
associated lashes, protect the eyes from foreign objects helps keep the eyes lubricated by spreading tears over the surfaces
eyelids
30
a thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye helps lubricate the surface of the eye
Conjunctiva
31
parts of the Lacrimal Apparatus
* Lacrimal gland * Nasolacrimal duct
32
situated in the superior lateral corner of the orbit; produce tears
Lacrimal gland
33
hollow, fluid-filled sphere
Eyeball
34
The wall of the eyeball is composed of ____ tissue layers, or _____
three tissue layers, or tunics
35
Responsible for the movement of each eyeball
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
35
Fibrous Tunic COMPONENTS
Sclera Cornea
36
Firm, white, outer connective tissue layer of the posterior fibrous tunic
Sclera
37
maintains the shape of the eye Protects the internal structures, and provides attachment sites for the extrinsic eye muscles
Sclera
38
Transparent anterior portion of the eye and Permits light to enter
Cornea
39
Middle layer of the eye and contains most of the blood vessels of the eye
Vascular Tunic
40
Vascular Tunic is composed of
Choroid Ciliary body Iris
41
The posterior portion of the vascular tunic
Choroid
42
contains smooth muscles called ciliary muscles, which attach to the perimeter of the lens by suspensory ligaments
Ciliary body
43
colored part of the eye; contractile structure consisting mainly of smooth muscle surrounding an opening (pupil)
Iris
44
innermost layer and consists of the retina
Nervous Tunic
45
the Nervous Tunic is composed of
Retina
46
covers the posterior five-sixths of the eye and is composed of two layers * Outer pigmented retina * Inner sensory retina
Retina
46
With the choroid, keeps light from reflecting back into the eye
Outer pigmented retina
47
function in dim light because they are very sensitive; do not provide color vision
Rods
47
Contains photoreceptor cells and numerous interneurons
Inner sensory retina
48
require much more light; provide color vision (blue, green, or red)
Cones
49
center of the macula * part of the retina where light is most focused Optic disc * contains only cone cells
Fovea centralis
49
small spot near the center of the posterior retina
Macula
49
“Blind spot of the eye”
Optic disc
50
White spot just medial to the macula through which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina * Contains no photoreceptor cells and does not respond to light
Optic disc
50
Absence of perception of one or more of perception of one or more color
Color blindness
51
Misalignment of the two eyes and results from weakness of the muscles moving the eyes
Diplopia/ double vision
52
The organs of hearing and balance are located in the ____
ears
53
Three areas of the ear
* External ear * Middle ear * Inner ear
54
part extending from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
External ear
55
air-filled chamber medial to the tympanic membrane
middle ear
56
set of fluid-filled chambers medial to the middle ear
inner ear
57
external ear is composed of
Auricle Tympanic membrane
58
fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head collects sound waves and directs them toward the external auditory canal
Auricle
59
* Eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear * Sound waves reaching the tympanic membrane cause it to vibrate
The tympanic membrane
60
bony labyrinth can be divided into three regions:
Cochlea Vestibule Semicircular canals
61
Process of hearing involves two major steps, state them
* Conduction of sound waves * Stimulation of hearing receptors
62
The senses of hearing and balance are both transmitted by the ________ nerve (_____)
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
62
Balance/Equilibrium has two components, state each
* Static equilibrium * Dynamic equilibrium
63
associated with the semicircular canals; involved in evaluating changes in the direction and rate of head movements
Dynamic equilibrium
63
associated with the vestibule; involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity
Static equilibrium
64
infection of eyelash hair follicle
stye
65
nearsightedness
Myopia
66
farsightedness
hyperopia
67

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