senses part 1

Question 1

stimulus

Answer 1

any form of energy that activates receptor endings of a sensory neuron

Question 2

sensations

Answer 2

conscious responses to the stimuli

Question 3

perception

Answer 3

an understanding of what sensations mean

Question 4

what are the 6 major categories of sensory receptors

Answer 4

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
chemoreceptors
osmoreceptors
photoreceptors

Question 5

mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

detect changes in pressure, position, or acceleration

Question 6

thermoceptors

Answer 6

detect heat or cold

Question 7

nociceptors

Answer 7

detect tissue damage

Question 8

chemoreceptors

Answer 8

detect ions or molecules

Question 9

osmoreceptors

Answer 9

detect changes in solute concentration in surrounding fluid

Question 10

photoreceptors

Answer 10

detect the energy of visible light

Question 11

taste and smell are what kind of senses

Answer 11

chemical senses
they begin at chemoreceptors, the signals traveling to the brain where they are perceived, transmitted to the limbic system, and remembered.

Question 12

olfaction is the sense of what

Answer 12

smell

Question 13

olfactory receptors

Answer 13

nose detect water-soluble or volatile substances—odors.

Question 14

vomeronasal organ

Answer 14

receptors can detect pheromones, which are signaling molecules with roles in sexual attraction.

Question 15

olfactory receptors

Answer 15

neurons containing extra knob-shaped dendrites and axons projecting into the cribiform plate and ending in the the olfactory bulb.

Question 16

olfactory hairs

Answer 16

Cilia projecting from each dendrite to increase surface area.

Question 17

supporting cells

Answer 17

composed of columnar epithelium and part of the mucus membrane of the nose. They provide support and insulation for the receptors and help detoxify chemicals.

Question 18

basal cells

Answer 18

type of stem cells. The can produce new olfactory receptors. This is a major exception to the non-replicating neuron rule.

Question 19

olfactory glands

Answer 19

produce mucus. Mucus is necessary to moisten the surface of the nasal cavity so odorants will dissolve and transduction (action potential) can occur.

Question 20

gustation

Answer 20

sense of taste
occurs in mouth when water soluble chemicals in food contact a taste bud
- nerve impulse is triggered, brain interprets type of taste by how cell was stimulated

Question 21

taste buds hold what

Answer 21

taste receptors

Question 22

where are receptors located

Answer 22

on the tongue, roof of the mouth, and throat

Question 23

what are the 5 general taste categories

Answer 23

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

Question 24

tastants

Answer 24

types of substances that taste buds can detect

Question 25

papillae

Answer 25

bumps on the tongue – where most taste buds are found are found
- mostly used for friction and surface area

Question 26

how many taste buds does a vallate have

Answer 26

50

Question 27

how many taste buds does a pallae have

Answer 27

5

Question 28

papilla

Answer 28

elevations of the tongue where taste buds are found
Vallate–largest type. Found in a V shape in the back of the tongue. Contain the highest number of taste buds
Fungiform—Scattered over the surface. Contain 5 taste buds each.
Filiform—do not contain any taste buds. Used to improve friction of the tongue.
Foliate—means leafy. Found on the lateral margins of the tongue in children.

Question 29

supporting cells

Answer 29

surround receptor cells

Question 30

basal cells

Answer 30

produce supporting cells

Question 31

gustatory receptor cells

Answer 31

These cells are the ones that get stimulated when different classes of taste molecules bind or are absorbed by it.

Question 32

gustatory hairs

Answer 32

microvillus found on a receptor

Question 33

taste pore

Answer 33

opening in taste buds